[{"n":1,"slug":"low-angle","cat":"A","cls":"angle","sim":{"base":{"d":3.2,"h":0.55,"aim":1.35,"f":28,"n":4,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["push-in","tracking","crane-jib","silhouette","medium-wide"],"related":["worms-eye-view","high-angle","eye-level"],"incompat":[["birds-eye-view","Both set the vertical camera position; a shot cannot be below and directly above the subject at once.","两者都决定机位高度，同一镜头不可能既在主体下方又在正上方。"]],"en":{"title":"Low Angle","short":"Camera below the subject's eye line, looking up.","what":"The camera sits below the subject's eyes and tilts up toward them.","why":"Looking up makes a subject feel taller, stronger and more in control. Audiences read it as status, confidence or threat.","how":"Lower the camera to chest or waist height and tilt up. A wider lens close to the subject exaggerates the effect; a longer lens from further away keeps it subtle.","when":"Hero introductions, leadership portraits, product launches, villains and any moment where the subject takes control.","mistakes":["Going so low and wide that the face distorts and the chin dominates.","Using it on every shot until the power cue stops meaning anything."],"emotion":"Power, confidence, dominance","subjects":"Leaders, heroes, architecture, cars","envs":"Open sky, towers, stages, lobbies","params":{"lens":"24-35mm for drama, 50mm for subtle","position":"0.4-1.0 m high, 2-4 m away","motion":"Static or slow push","focus":"Eyes"},"cam":"low-angle shot, camera at waist height tilted up toward the subject, sky and architecture rising behind"},"zh":{"title":"低角度","short":"机位低于主体视线，向上仰拍。","what":"摄影机放在主体眼睛以下的位置，向上仰拍。","why":"仰视会让主体显得更高大、更有力量、更有掌控感，观众会把它理解为地位、自信或威胁。","how":"把机位降到胸口或腰部高度再向上仰。广角镜头贴近主体会放大效果；长焦镜头在远处拍则更含蓄。","when":"英雄登场、领导者肖像、产品发布、反派角色，以及任何主体掌握主导权的时刻。","mistakes":["机位太低、镜头太广，导致脸部变形、下巴过于突出。","每个镜头都用低角度，力量感就失去了意义。"],"emotion":"力量、自信、支配感","subjects":"领导者、英雄角色、建筑、汽车","envs":"开阔天空、高楼、舞台、大堂","params":{"lens":"24-35mm 更戏剧化，50mm 较含蓄","position":"高度 0.4-1.0 米，距离 2-4 米","motion":"固定或缓慢推进","focus":"对焦眼睛"},"cam":"低角度仰拍，机位在腰部高度向上仰，天空与建筑在主体身后升起"},"camp":{"en":"from a low angle, the camera below eye level tilting up","zh":"低角度仰拍，机位低于视线向上仰"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/low-angle","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":2,"slug":"high-angle","cat":"A","cls":"angle","sim":{"base":{"d":2.6,"h":3.4,"aim":1.2,"f":28,"n":4,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["crane-jib","drone-flyover","wide","pull-out-reveal"],"related":["birds-eye-view","low-angle","eye-level"],"incompat":[["worms-eye-view","Opposite vertical positions; choose one camera height per shot.","两者机位高度相反，一个镜头只能选择一种高度。"]],"en":{"title":"High Angle","short":"Camera above the subject, looking down.","what":"The camera is placed above the subject's eye line and tilts down toward them.","why":"Looking down makes a subject feel smaller, exposed or vulnerable, and it reveals the ground and space around them.","how":"Raise the camera above head height (a ladder, balcony, crane or drone) and tilt down 20-45 degrees. The steeper the angle, the stronger the effect.","when":"Moments of isolation or defeat, showing a subject inside a larger space, overview shots of a crowd or table.","mistakes":["Tilting down so steeply it becomes a bird's-eye shot by accident.","Shooting faces from high and wide, which shrinks the body and enlarges the forehead."],"emotion":"Vulnerability, observation, smallness","subjects":"People in large spaces, crowds, tables, products","envs":"Atriums, plazas, rooftops, stairwells","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"2.5-4 m high, 2-5 m away","motion":"Static or slow descend","focus":"Face"},"cam":"high-angle shot, camera above head height looking down at the subject, floor pattern visible around them"},"zh":{"title":"高角度","short":"机位高于主体，向下俯拍。","what":"摄影机高于主体视线，向下俯拍。","why":"俯视让主体显得更渺小、更暴露或更脆弱，同时交代地面与周围空间。","how":"把机位升到头部以上（梯子、阳台、摇臂或无人机），向下俯 20-45 度。角度越陡，效果越强。","when":"孤独或挫败的时刻、交代主体身处大空间、俯瞰人群或桌面。","mistakes":["俯角过陡，不小心变成了鸟瞰镜头。","用高角度加广角拍脸，身体被压缩、额头被放大。"],"emotion":"脆弱、旁观、渺小","subjects":"大空间里的人物、人群、桌面、产品","envs":"中庭、广场、天台、楼梯间","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"高度 2.5-4 米，距离 2-5 米","motion":"固定或缓慢下降","focus":"对焦脸部"},"cam":"高角度俯拍，机位高于头部向下看主体，周围地面纹理清晰可见"},"camp":{"en":"from a high angle, the camera above head height looking down","zh":"高角度俯拍，机位高于头部向下看"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/high-angle","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":3,"slug":"eye-level","cat":"A","cls":"angle","sim":{"base":{"d":3.0,"h":1.58,"aim":1.45,"f":50,"n":2.8,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["medium","close-up","two-shot","dolly-in","steadicam-gimbal"],"related":["low-angle","high-angle","three-quarter-angle"],"incompat":[],"en":{"title":"Eye-Level","short":"Camera at the subject's eye height. Neutral and honest.","what":"The lens sits at the same height as the subject's eyes, so the camera neither looks up nor down.","why":"It is the most neutral viewpoint. Audiences feel like an equal in the room, which builds trust and makes dialogue feel natural.","how":"Match lens height to the subject's eyes (about 1.5-1.7 m for a standing adult). Keep the camera level so verticals stay straight.","when":"Interviews, testimonials, dialogue, corporate films, presenter pieces and most everyday storytelling.","mistakes":["Setting the tripod at your own eye height instead of the subject's.","Leaving the horizon slightly tilted, which reads as an accident, not a choice."],"emotion":"Neutral, honest, equal","subjects":"Presenters, interviewees, actors in dialogue","envs":"Offices, cafes, studios, streets","params":{"lens":"35-85mm","position":"Lens at eye height, 1.5-4 m away","motion":"Static, slow push or gimbal","focus":"Eyes"},"cam":"eye-level shot, camera at the subject's eye height, level horizon, natural perspective"},"zh":{"title":"平视","short":"机位与主体眼睛同高，中性而真实。","what":"镜头与主体眼睛处于同一高度，既不仰也不俯。","why":"这是最中性的视角，观众像是与人物平起平坐，容易建立信任，对话也更自然。","how":"让镜头高度对准主体眼睛（站立成年人约 1.5-1.7 米），保持水平，让垂直线条不倾斜。","when":"访谈、客户见证、对话戏、企业宣传片、主持人讲解以及大多数日常叙事。","mistakes":["按摄影师自己的眼高架三脚架，而不是按主体的眼高。","地平线略微倾斜，看起来像失误而不是刻意。"],"emotion":"中性、真诚、平等","subjects":"主持人、受访者、对话中的演员","envs":"办公室、咖啡馆、影棚、街道","params":{"lens":"35-85mm","position":"镜头在眼睛高度，距离 1.5-4 米","motion":"固定、缓推或稳定器","focus":"对焦眼睛"},"cam":"平视镜头，机位与主体眼睛同高，地平线水平，透视自然"},"camp":{"en":"at eye level, with a level, natural perspective","zh":"平视角度，机位水平，透视自然"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/eye-level","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":4,"slug":"dutch-angle","cat":"A","cls":"angle","sim":{"base":{"d":2.8,"h":1.3,"aim":1.3,"f":35,"n":2.8,"roll":-18,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["low-angle","handheld","close-up","medium"],"related":["dutch-roll","low-angle"],"incompat":[["symmetrical","A tilted horizon breaks the balance that symmetry depends on.","倾斜的地平线会破坏对称构图所依赖的平衡。"]],"en":{"title":"Dutch Angle","short":"The camera is rolled so the horizon tilts.","what":"Also called a canted or oblique angle. The camera is rotated on its lens axis so verticals and the horizon lean.","why":"A tilted world feels unstable. It signals unease, disorientation, intoxication, tension or stylised energy.","how":"Roll the camera 10-30 degrees on its lens axis. Keep the tilt consistent within a scene, and pick a direction on purpose.","when":"Psychological tension, chaos, fashion and music video energy, a character losing control.","mistakes":["A tilt of only 2-5 degrees, which looks like a mistake.","Using it for no story reason, so it reads as a gimmick."],"emotion":"Unease, tension, edge","subjects":"Characters under pressure, fashion, action","envs":"Corridors, streets, architecture with strong lines","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"Any height; roll 10-30 degrees","motion":"Usually static","focus":"Subject"},"cam":"dutch angle, camera rolled about 20 degrees so the horizon and building lines tilt diagonally across the frame"},"zh":{"title":"荷兰角（斜角）","short":"摄影机绕镜头轴旋转，地平线倾斜。","what":"又称倾斜角度。摄影机沿镜头光轴旋转，使垂直线和地平线倾斜。","why":"倾斜的画面让世界显得不稳定，传达不安、迷失、醉意、紧张或风格化的能量。","how":"让摄影机沿光轴旋转 10-30 度。同一场戏中倾斜方向和幅度要一致，方向要有意为之。","when":"心理紧张、混乱场面、时尚与音乐录影带的风格、人物失控的时刻。","mistakes":["只倾斜 2-5 度，看起来像拍歪了。","没有叙事理由地使用，沦为花招。"],"emotion":"不安、紧张、锋利感","subjects":"承受压力的人物、时尚、动作","envs":"走廊、街道、线条强烈的建筑","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"高度不限；旋转 10-30 度","motion":"通常固定","focus":"对焦主体"},"cam":"荷兰角构图，摄影机倾斜约 20 度，地平线与建筑线条在画面中呈对角倾斜"},"camp":{"en":"with a Dutch angle, the camera rolled about 20 degrees so the horizon tilts","zh":"荷兰角构图，摄影机倾斜约 20 度，地平线倾斜"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/dutch-angle","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":5,"slug":"birds-eye-view","cat":"A","cls":"angle","sim":{"base":{"d":0.01,"h":4.4,"aim":0,"f":28,"n":5.6,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand","top":true},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["drone-flyover","symmetrical","crane-jib","extreme-wide"],"related":["high-angle","drone-flyover"],"incompat":[["worms-eye-view","Opposite extremes of camera height and direction.","机位高度与朝向完全相反的两个极端。"],["low-angle","A camera directly overhead cannot also look up at the subject.","在正上方的机位不可能同时仰拍主体。"]],"en":{"title":"Bird's-Eye View","short":"Directly overhead, looking straight down.","what":"The camera points straight down at 90 degrees from directly above the subject.","why":"It turns a scene into a map or a graphic pattern. It feels detached, god-like or clinical, and shows layout at a glance.","how":"Mount the camera overhead (drone, crane, rig or high balcony) with the lens pointing straight down. Compose for shapes and lines rather than faces.","when":"Establishing a location, choreography, food and product flat lays, showing a character alone in a pattern.","mistakes":["Calling a 45-degree high angle a bird's-eye view.","Forgetting the subject becomes the top of a head; plan the pose so it reads from above."],"emotion":"Detachment, scale, design","subjects":"Crowds, dancers, tables, cars, a lone figure","envs":"Plazas, skydecks, courts, rooftops","params":{"lens":"16-35mm","position":"Directly above, 5-50 m high","motion":"Static, slow rotate or rise","focus":"Deep focus"},"cam":"top-down bird's-eye view, camera directly overhead pointing straight down, the scene reads as a graphic pattern"},"zh":{"title":"鸟瞰视角","short":"在正上方垂直向下拍摄。","what":"摄影机位于主体正上方，以 90 度垂直向下拍摄。","why":"它把场景变成地图或图形，带有疏离、上帝视角或冷静观察的感觉，一眼交代空间布局。","how":"把摄影机架在正上方（无人机、摇臂、吊架或高处阳台），镜头垂直朝下，用形状与线条来构图，而不是脸。","when":"交代地点、舞蹈编排、美食和产品平铺、表现人物孤身处在图案之中。","mistakes":["把 45 度的高角度误称为鸟瞰。","忘了从上方只能看到头顶，要提前设计好从上面看得懂的姿势。"],"emotion":"疏离、尺度感、设计感","subjects":"人群、舞者、桌面、汽车、孤独的人物","envs":"广场、观景台、球场、天台","params":{"lens":"16-35mm","position":"正上方，高 5-50 米","motion":"固定、缓慢旋转或上升","focus":"大景深"},"cam":"正上方鸟瞰镜头，摄影机垂直向下拍摄，画面呈现出图形化的构图"},"camp":{"en":"from directly overhead in a top-down bird's-eye view","zh":"从正上方垂直向下的鸟瞰视角"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/birds-eye-view","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":6,"slug":"worms-eye-view","cat":"A","cls":"angle","sim":{"base":{"d":1.3,"h":0.08,"aim":1.2,"f":16,"n":8,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["silhouette","tilt","push-in"],"related":["low-angle","birds-eye-view"],"incompat":[["birds-eye-view","Opposite extremes of camera height and direction.","机位高度与朝向完全相反的两个极端。"],["drone-flyover","A drone sits high above; a worm's-eye camera sits on the ground.","无人机在高空，虫视镜头贴着地面。"]],"en":{"title":"Worm's-Eye View","short":"From ground level, looking steeply up.","what":"An extreme low angle: the camera sits at or near the ground and looks steeply up at the subject and sky.","why":"It makes subjects and buildings tower over the viewer, creating awe, grandeur or menace. Converging verticals add drama.","how":"Place the camera on the ground with an ultra-wide lens and tilt up 45-80 degrees. Keep the subject close so they fill the frame against the sky.","when":"Superhero moments, monumental architecture, fashion, sports, a character looming over someone who has fallen.","mistakes":["Shooting from too far away, which shrinks the subject instead of making them tower.","Not checking the sky exposure, so the subject turns into an unplanned silhouette."],"emotion":"Awe, grandeur, intimidation","subjects":"Heroes, athletes, towers, statues","envs":"Glass towers, forests, stadiums, monuments","params":{"lens":"12-24mm ultra-wide","position":"0-0.2 m high, 1-2 m away","motion":"Static or slow tilt","focus":"Deep focus at f/8"},"cam":"extreme worm's-eye view from ground level, ultra-wide lens pointing steeply up, the subject and glass towers converging into the sky"},"zh":{"title":"虫视视角（极低角度）","short":"贴近地面，大角度向上仰拍。","what":"极端的低角度：摄影机贴近地面，大角度向上拍摄主体与天空。","why":"它让人物和建筑高耸于观众之上，带来震撼、宏伟或压迫感，汇聚的垂直线增加戏剧性。","how":"把摄影机放在地面，使用超广角镜头并向上仰 45-80 度。让主体靠近镜头，在天空的衬托下占满画面。","when":"超级英雄时刻、宏伟建筑、时尚、运动、人物居高临下地看着倒地的人。","mistakes":["距离太远，主体反而变小，失去高耸感。","没有检查天空曝光，主体意外变成剪影。"],"emotion":"敬畏、宏伟、压迫","subjects":"英雄、运动员、高楼、雕像","envs":"玻璃大楼、森林、体育场、纪念碑","params":{"lens":"12-24mm 超广角","position":"高度 0-0.2 米，距离 1-2 米","motion":"固定或缓慢仰摇","focus":"f/8 大景深"},"cam":"贴地的极端虫视角度，超广角镜头大角度向上，主体与玻璃大楼向天空汇聚"},"camp":{"en":"from an extreme worm's-eye view at ground level, an ultra-wide lens pointing steeply up","zh":"贴地的极端虫视角度，超广角镜头大角度向上"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/worms-eye-view","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":7,"slug":"over-the-shoulder","cat":"A","cls":"angle","sim":{"base":{"d":2.4,"h":1.55,"aim":1.5,"f":50,"n":2.8,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand","fg":"shoulder","yaw":-12},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["two-shot","rack-focus","medium-close-up","dolly-in"],"related":["pov","two-shot","rack-focus"],"incompat":[["birds-eye-view","An over-the-shoulder shot is built at head height behind a character.","过肩镜头必须在人物身后、头部高度拍摄。"]],"en":{"title":"Over-the-Shoulder","short":"Framed past one character's shoulder toward another.","what":"The camera is placed behind one character so their shoulder and the back of their head frame the person they are facing.","why":"It places the audience inside a conversation and keeps both characters connected in one frame. The foreground shoulder adds depth.","how":"Stand behind character A at head height, slightly off to one side, and frame character B. Let A's shoulder fill a third of the frame, often soft focus.","when":"Dialogue, interviews, negotiations, confrontations, a presenter talking to an audience member.","mistakes":["Crossing the 180-degree line between the reverse shots, so characters appear to face the same way.","Letting the foreground shoulder cover the other person's eyes."],"emotion":"Connection, conversation, tension","subjects":"Two people talking","envs":"Offices, cafes, boardrooms, cars","params":{"lens":"50-85mm","position":"Behind A at head height, 0.5 m off axis","motion":"Static or slow push","focus":"Face of the far character"},"cam":"over-the-shoulder shot, the soft-focus shoulder and back of one character's head in the foreground, the other character's face in sharp focus"},"zh":{"title":"过肩镜头","short":"越过一个人物的肩膀拍向另一个人物。","what":"摄影机放在一个人物身后，用他的肩膀和后脑勺作前景，拍摄他所面对的人。","why":"让观众置身于对话之中，两个人物在同一画面内保持联系，前景的肩膀也增加了层次。","how":"站在人物 A 身后、头部高度、略偏一侧，拍摄人物 B。让 A 的肩膀占画面约三分之一，通常是虚焦。","when":"对话、访谈、谈判、对峙、主持人与观众交流。","mistakes":["正反打镜头越过 180 度轴线，人物看起来朝向同一边。","前景肩膀挡住了对面人物的眼睛。"],"emotion":"联系、对话、张力","subjects":"两人对话","envs":"办公室、咖啡馆、会议室、车内","params":{"lens":"50-85mm","position":"在 A 身后头部高度，偏离轴线 0.5 米","motion":"固定或缓推","focus":"对焦远处人物的脸"},"cam":"过肩镜头，前景是一个人物虚焦的肩膀和后脑，另一人物的脸清晰对焦"},"camp":{"en":"over the shoulder of a second person in soft-focus foreground","zh":"越过前景中虚焦的另一个人的肩膀"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/over-the-shoulder","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":8,"slug":"pov","cat":"A","cls":"angle","sim":{"base":{"d":2.2,"h":1.6,"aim":1.5,"f":24,"n":4,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand","fg":"hands"},"move":{"type":"handheld","amt":0.35},"dur":6},"compat":["handheld","whip-pan","fpv-drone","one-take"],"related":["over-the-shoulder","snorricam","handheld"],"incompat":[["symmetrical","A true POV follows the character's eyes, which rarely land on a perfectly balanced frame.","真正的主观镜头跟随人物视线，很少落在完美对称的画面上。"]],"en":{"title":"POV","short":"What a character sees, through their eyes.","what":"A point-of-view shot shows exactly what a character sees, as if the camera is their eyes.","why":"It puts the audience in the character's body. It builds empathy, suspense or immersion and is common in first-person content.","how":"Place the camera at the character's eye height, in their position, using a fairly wide lens. Add natural head movement and, if useful, their hands in frame.","when":"Reveals, horror and suspense, product unboxing, first-person social content, a character arriving somewhere new.","mistakes":["Using a camera height that does not match the character.","Holding a POV too long without cutting back to the character, so the audience loses who is looking."],"emotion":"Immersion, empathy, suspense","subjects":"What the character looks at","envs":"Any; strongest in new or threatening places","params":{"lens":"18-28mm","position":"At the character's eye height and position","motion":"Handheld or head-like movement","focus":"Where the character looks"},"cam":"first-person POV shot from the character's eye height, their hands visible at the bottom of frame, subtle natural head movement"},"zh":{"title":"主观镜头（POV）","short":"以人物的眼睛看世界。","what":"主观镜头展示人物眼中所见，摄影机就是他的眼睛。","why":"让观众进入人物的身体，产生代入感、悬念或沉浸感，也是第一人称内容的常见手法。","how":"把摄影机放在人物的位置和眼睛高度，用偏广的镜头，加入自然的头部晃动，需要时让人物的手入画。","when":"揭示、恐怖与悬疑、开箱、第一人称社交内容、人物初到一个新地方。","mistakes":["机位高度和人物不匹配。","主观镜头持续太久而不切回人物，观众不知道是谁在看。"],"emotion":"沉浸、共情、悬念","subjects":"人物正在看的事物","envs":"不限；在陌生或危险的地方最有效","params":{"lens":"18-28mm","position":"人物的位置与眼睛高度","motion":"手持或模拟头部的运动","focus":"对焦人物看向的地方"},"cam":"第一人称主观镜头，机位在人物眼睛高度，画面下方可见人物双手，带有细微自然的头部晃动"},"camp":{"en":"as a first-person POV from a character's eye height","zh":"以人物眼睛高度的第一人称主观视角"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/pov","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":9,"slug":"profile","cat":"A","cls":"angle","sim":{"base":{"d":2.6,"h":1.55,"aim":1.45,"f":85,"n":2,"yaw":90,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["trucking","silhouette","close-up","medium"],"related":["three-quarter-angle","trucking","silhouette"],"incompat":[["pov","A profile shows the character from the side; a POV shows what the character sees.","侧面镜头从旁边看人物，主观镜头是人物看到的画面。"]],"en":{"title":"Profile","short":"The subject seen from the side, at 90 degrees.","what":"The camera is placed at a right angle to the subject, so we see the side of the face and body.","why":"A profile feels observational and graphic. It hides one eye, which makes the subject feel private, reflective or unaware of us.","how":"Move the camera 90 degrees around the subject at eye height. Leave looking room in front of the face, and use a longer lens for a clean silhouette of the features.","when":"Reflective moments, walking shots, two people face to face, silhouettes against a window or sunset.","mistakes":["Framing the face against the edge of the frame with no looking room.","Calling a three-quarter view a profile; a true profile shows only one eye."],"emotion":"Reflection, privacy, observation","subjects":"Thinking or walking characters, faces with strong features","envs":"Windows, sunsets, railings, corridors","params":{"lens":"50-135mm","position":"90 degrees to the face, eye height","motion":"Static or tracking alongside","focus":"Near eye"},"cam":"side profile shot, camera at 90 degrees to the subject's face at eye height, generous looking room ahead of her"},"zh":{"title":"侧面","short":"从 90 度的侧面拍摄主体。","what":"摄影机与主体成直角，只拍到脸和身体的侧面。","why":"侧面带有观察感和图形感，隐藏了一只眼睛，让人物显得私密、沉思或没有察觉观众。","how":"在眼睛高度绕主体 90 度。脸的前方留出视线空间，用较长焦距让五官轮廓更干净。","when":"沉思时刻、行走镜头、两人面对面、窗边或夕阳下的剪影。","mistakes":["脸贴着画面边缘，前方没有视线空间。","把四分之三侧面称为侧面；真正的侧面只看得到一只眼睛。"],"emotion":"沉思、私密、观察","subjects":"沉思或行走的人物、五官轮廓分明的脸","envs":"窗边、夕阳、栏杆、走廊","params":{"lens":"50-135mm","position":"与脸成 90 度，眼睛高度","motion":"固定或侧向跟拍","focus":"对焦近侧眼睛"},"cam":"侧面镜头，摄影机在眼睛高度与主体脸部成 90 度，前方留有充足视线空间"},"camp":{"en":"in side profile, the camera at 90 degrees to the subject","zh":"侧面角度，摄影机与主体成 90 度"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/profile","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":10,"slug":"three-quarter-angle","cat":"A","cls":"angle","sim":{"base":{"d":2.4,"h":1.5,"aim":1.4,"f":70,"n":2,"yaw":40,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["medium-close-up","orbit","dolly-in","rack-focus"],"related":["profile","eye-level"],"incompat":[],"en":{"title":"Three-Quarter Angle","short":"Between front and profile, about 45 degrees.","what":"The subject is turned roughly 30-60 degrees from the camera, so we see both eyes and the shape of one side of the face.","why":"It is the most flattering and dimensional portrait angle. It shows depth in the face and body without the flatness of a frontal shot.","how":"Turn the subject or move the camera about 45 degrees off their nose line. Light the far side of the face (short lighting) for shape.","when":"Portraits, interviews, fashion, product hero angles, dialogue singles.","mistakes":["Turning so far that the far eye disappears behind the nose.","Placing the key light on the near side, which flattens the face."],"emotion":"Natural, dimensional, engaging","subjects":"Portraits, interviewees, cars, products","envs":"Any","params":{"lens":"50-105mm","position":"About 45 degrees off axis, eye height","motion":"Static, slow orbit","focus":"Near eye"},"cam":"three-quarter angle portrait, subject turned about 45 degrees from camera, both eyes visible, sculpted light on the far side of her face"},"zh":{"title":"四分之三侧面","short":"介于正面和侧面之间，约 45 度。","what":"主体与镜头约成 30-60 度，既能看到两只眼睛，也能看到一侧脸的轮廓。","why":"这是最讨好、最有立体感的肖像角度，能表现脸部和身体的层次，不像正面那样平。","how":"让主体转身，或把摄影机移到偏离鼻梁中线约 45 度。用光照亮脸的远侧（窄光）以塑造轮廓。","when":"人像、访谈、时尚、产品主角度、对话单人镜头。","mistakes":["转得太多，远侧眼睛被鼻子挡住。","主光放在近侧，把脸拍平了。"],"emotion":"自然、立体、亲近","subjects":"人像、受访者、汽车、产品","envs":"不限","params":{"lens":"50-105mm","position":"偏离轴线约 45 度，眼睛高度","motion":"固定或缓慢环绕","focus":"对焦近侧眼睛"},"cam":"四分之三侧面肖像，主体与镜头约成 45 度，两只眼睛可见，光线雕塑出脸部远侧轮廓"},"camp":{"en":"from a three-quarter angle, about 45 degrees off the subject's nose line","zh":"四分之三侧面角度，偏离主体正面约 45 度"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/three-quarter-angle","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":11,"slug":"extreme-wide","cat":"B","cls":"shot-size","sim":{"base":{"d":42,"h":14,"aim":1.0,"f":24,"n":8,"cast":"group","pose":"walk"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":6},"compat":["drone-flyover","birds-eye-view","pull-out-reveal","crane-jib"],"related":["wide","drone-flyover","pull-out-reveal"],"incompat":[["extreme-close-up","One frame cannot be both the widest and the tightest framing.","同一个画面不可能既是最宽也是最紧的景别。"],["macro-tracking","Macro works at centimetres; an extreme wide works at tens of metres.","微距在厘米级距离工作，大远景在数十米外。"]],"en":{"title":"Extreme Wide","short":"The world is the subject; people are tiny within it.","what":"Also called an extreme long shot. The environment fills the frame and any people are small figures within it.","why":"It establishes geography, scale and isolation. It tells the audience where we are before the story moves closer.","how":"Shoot from far away or high up with a wide lens. Place the subject on a strong compositional point so the eye still finds them.","when":"Opening shots, location reveals, travel and tourism, a lone figure against a huge landscape or city.","mistakes":["Losing the subject entirely because nothing guides the eye to them.","Holding it too briefly for the audience to read the space."],"emotion":"Scale, isolation, wonder","subjects":"Landscapes, cities, small figures","envs":"Skylines, coasts, deserts, forests","params":{"lens":"14-35mm, or long lens from very far","position":"Tens to hundreds of metres away, often elevated","motion":"Static, slow drone or crane","focus":"Deep focus"},"cam":"extreme wide shot, the city skyline fills the frame and the people are tiny figures on the terrace"},"zh":{"title":"大远景","short":"环境就是主角，人物在其中显得渺小。","what":"又称极远景。环境占满画面，人物只是其中的小小身影。","why":"交代地理、尺度和孤立感，在故事靠近之前先告诉观众身在何处。","how":"从远处或高处用广角镜头拍摄，把主体放在构图的关键点上，让视线仍能找到他。","when":"开场镜头、揭示地点、旅游宣传、广袤风景或城市中的孤独身影。","mistakes":["没有任何视觉引导，主体完全淹没在画面里。","停留时间太短，观众来不及读懂空间。"],"emotion":"尺度感、孤独、惊叹","subjects":"风景、城市、远处的人物","envs":"城市天际线、海岸、沙漠、森林","params":{"lens":"14-35mm，或远距离长焦","position":"距离数十至数百米，通常在高处","motion":"固定、缓慢的无人机或摇臂","focus":"大景深"},"cam":"大远景，城市天际线占满画面，人物只是天台上的小小身影"},"camp":{"en":"an extreme wide shot where the environment dominates and the subject is small","zh":"大远景，环境占据画面，主体显得渺小"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/extreme-wide","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":12,"slug":"wide","cat":"B","cls":"shot-size","sim":{"base":{"d":6.2,"h":1.5,"aim":1.1,"f":28,"n":5.6,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["tracking","trucking","pan","steadicam-gimbal"],"related":["extreme-wide","medium-wide"],"incompat":[["extreme-close-up","Contradictory framings for the same shot.","同一个镜头的景别互相矛盾。"]],"en":{"title":"Wide","short":"Full body with the setting around it.","what":"Also called a long or full shot. The whole body is in frame, head to toe, with meaningful space around it.","why":"It shows how a character moves and relates to their environment. Body language reads clearly.","how":"Frame head to feet with room above and below. Use a 24-35mm lens a few metres away, or a longer lens further back for a flatter look.","when":"Entrances, choreography, fashion walks, action, showing a costume or product in context.","mistakes":["Cutting off the feet, which makes a wide feel like a mistake.","Leaving the subject so small that it becomes an extreme wide by accident."],"emotion":"Context, presence, freedom","subjects":"Full figures, dancers, fashion looks, vehicles","envs":"Terraces, streets, studios, lobbies","params":{"lens":"24-35mm","position":"4-8 m away, chest height","motion":"Static, track or truck","focus":"Subject, deeper stop"},"cam":"wide full-body shot, head to toe in frame with the terrace and skyline around her"},"zh":{"title":"全景","short":"完整的人物与周围环境。","what":"又称远景或全身镜头。人物从头到脚都在画面里，周围留有有意义的空间。","why":"展示人物如何移动、如何与环境产生关系，肢体语言清楚可读。","how":"从头到脚构图，上下留有空间。用 24-35mm 在几米外拍，或在更远处用长焦让透视更平。","when":"人物进场、舞蹈编排、时装走秀、动作戏、在环境中展示服装或产品。","mistakes":["切掉了脚，全景看起来像失误。","主体太小，不小心变成了大远景。"],"emotion":"环境感、存在感、自由","subjects":"全身人物、舞者、时装造型、车辆","envs":"天台、街道、影棚、大堂","params":{"lens":"24-35mm","position":"距离 4-8 米，胸口高度","motion":"固定、跟拍或横移","focus":"对焦主体，光圈收小"},"cam":"全景全身镜头，人物从头到脚完整入画，周围是天台与城市天际线"},"camp":{"en":"a wide full-body shot, head to toe with space around","zh":"全景全身镜头，从头到脚并留有空间"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/wide","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":13,"slug":"medium","cat":"B","cls":"shot-size","sim":{"base":{"d":2.6,"h":1.5,"aim":1.3,"f":50,"n":2.8,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["eye-level","steadicam-gimbal","tracking","dolly-in"],"related":["medium-close-up","medium-wide","cowboy"],"incompat":[],"en":{"title":"Medium","short":"Waist up. The workhorse of dialogue.","what":"Also called a mid shot. The subject is framed from roughly the waist to just above the head.","why":"It balances expression and gesture. Viewers see the face clearly and still read the hands and posture.","how":"Frame from the waist up with a little headroom. A 35-50mm lens at 2-3 m keeps perspective natural.","when":"Presenters, interviews, dialogue, vlogs, corporate explainers, walk-and-talks.","mistakes":["Cutting exactly at a joint such as the elbow or wrist, which looks awkward.","Too much headroom, so the subject sinks to the bottom of the frame."],"emotion":"Approachable, informative, natural","subjects":"Presenters, hosts, characters in conversation","envs":"Offices, streets, cafes, studios","params":{"lens":"35-50mm","position":"2-3 m, chest to eye height","motion":"Static, gimbal, slow push","focus":"Eyes"},"cam":"medium shot from the waist up at eye level, natural perspective, soft background"},"zh":{"title":"中景","short":"腰部以上，对话戏的主力景别。","what":"又称半身镜头。主体从腰部到头顶略上方入画。","why":"兼顾表情和手势，观众能看清脸，也能读到手部动作和姿态。","how":"从腰部以上构图，头顶留一点空间。用 35-50mm 在 2-3 米外拍，透视自然。","when":"主持人、访谈、对话、Vlog、企业讲解、边走边谈。","mistakes":["正好切在肘部或手腕等关节处，画面别扭。","头顶空间太大，人物沉到画面底部。"],"emotion":"亲和、信息清晰、自然","subjects":"主持人、讲者、对话中的人物","envs":"办公室、街道、咖啡馆、影棚","params":{"lens":"35-50mm","position":"距离 2-3 米，胸口至眼睛高度","motion":"固定、稳定器、缓推","focus":"对焦眼睛"},"cam":"中景，平视腰部以上，透视自然，背景柔和虚化"},"camp":{"en":"a medium shot framed from the waist up","zh":"腰部以上的中景"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/medium","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":14,"slug":"close-up","cat":"B","cls":"shot-size","sim":{"base":{"d":1.8,"h":1.58,"aim":1.55,"f":85,"n":1.8,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["rack-focus","push-in","three-quarter-angle","handheld"],"related":["extreme-close-up","medium-close-up"],"incompat":[["drone-flyover","A drone cannot safely or legally hold a face close-up.","无人机无法安全、合规地拍摄面部特写。"],["extreme-wide","Contradictory framings for the same shot.","同一个镜头的景别互相矛盾。"]],"en":{"title":"Close-Up","short":"The face fills the frame.","what":"The head and perhaps the top of the shoulders fill the frame.","why":"Close-ups deliver emotion. Small changes in the eyes and mouth become the story.","how":"Use 85-135mm from 1.5-3 m so the face is not distorted. Keep the eyes on the upper third line.","when":"Emotional beats, reactions, decisions, testimonials, beauty and skincare.","mistakes":["Using a wide lens up close, which enlarges the nose.","Cutting to a close-up too early, so the emotion has nothing to build from."],"emotion":"Intimacy, emotion, intensity","subjects":"Faces, reactions","envs":"Any; background becomes texture","params":{"lens":"85-135mm","position":"1.5-3 m, eye height","motion":"Static or very slow push","focus":"Near eye, shallow"},"cam":"close-up of her face, 85mm portrait lens, eyes on the upper third, shallow depth of field melting the skyline into bokeh"},"zh":{"title":"特写","short":"脸部占满画面。","what":"头部以及可能的肩膀上缘占满画面。","why":"特写传递情绪，眼神和嘴角的细微变化就是故事本身。","how":"在 1.5-3 米外用 85-135mm 拍摄，避免脸部变形。让眼睛落在画面上三分之一线。","when":"情绪高点、反应镜头、做决定的时刻、客户见证、美妆护肤。","mistakes":["近距离用广角，鼻子被放大。","太早切入特写，情绪没有铺垫。"],"emotion":"亲密、情绪、强烈","subjects":"脸部、反应","envs":"不限；背景成为质感","params":{"lens":"85-135mm","position":"距离 1.5-3 米，眼睛高度","motion":"固定或非常缓慢地推进","focus":"对焦近侧眼睛，浅景深"},"cam":"面部特写，85mm 人像镜头，眼睛在上三分线，浅景深把天际线化为光斑"},"camp":{"en":"a close-up where the face fills the frame","zh":"脸部占满画面的特写"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/close-up","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1671,"h":941}},{"n":15,"slug":"extreme-close-up","cat":"B","cls":"shot-size","sim":{"base":{"d":0.62,"h":1.58,"aim":1.58,"f":100,"n":2.8,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand","yaw":8},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["rack-focus","macro-tracking","push-in"],"related":["close-up","macro-tracking"],"incompat":[["extreme-wide","Contradictory framings for the same shot.","同一个镜头的景别互相矛盾。"],["drone-flyover","A drone cannot hold an eye-level detail shot.","无人机无法拍摄眼睛级别的细节镜头。"]],"en":{"title":"Extreme Close-Up","short":"A single detail: eyes, lips, hands, a texture.","what":"One detail fills the whole frame, such as the eyes, lips, a fingertip or a product texture.","why":"It isolates one meaningful detail and makes it monumental. It can feel intimate, tense or forensic.","how":"Use a macro or long lens close to the detail. Depth of field is razor thin, so stop down and keep the subject still.","when":"Reveals, suspense, beauty, product craftsmanship, a decisive glance.","mistakes":["Missing focus because the plane is only millimetres deep.","Using too many, so none of them feel special."],"emotion":"Intensity, intimacy, scrutiny","subjects":"Eyes, lips, hands, product details","envs":"Any","params":{"lens":"90-105mm macro or 135mm","position":"0.3-0.8 m","motion":"Static or tiny slide","focus":"Manual, millimetre-precise"},"cam":"extreme close-up on her eye and cheek, macro detail of lashes and skin texture, razor-thin depth of field"},"zh":{"title":"大特写","short":"单一细节：眼睛、嘴唇、手、质感。","what":"一个细节占满整个画面，例如眼睛、嘴唇、指尖或产品纹理。","why":"把一个有意义的细节隔离出来并放大，带来亲密、紧张或审视的感觉。","how":"用微距或长焦镜头靠近细节。景深极浅，需要收小光圈并让主体保持静止。","when":"揭示、悬疑、美妆、产品工艺、关键的一瞥。","mistakes":["焦平面只有几毫米深，结果失焦。","用得太多，每一个都不再特别。"],"emotion":"强烈、亲密、审视","subjects":"眼睛、嘴唇、手、产品细节","envs":"不限","params":{"lens":"90-105mm 微距或 135mm","position":"距离 0.3-0.8 米","motion":"固定或极小幅滑动","focus":"手动对焦，精确到毫米"},"cam":"大特写聚焦在眼睛和脸颊，睫毛与皮肤纹理的微距细节，景深极浅"},"camp":{"en":"an extreme close-up on a single detail","zh":"聚焦单一细节的大特写"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/extreme-close-up","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":16,"slug":"medium-close-up","cat":"B","cls":"shot-size","sim":{"base":{"d":2.2,"h":1.55,"aim":1.45,"f":70,"n":2,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["over-the-shoulder","push-in","eye-level","rack-focus"],"related":["close-up","medium"],"incompat":[],"en":{"title":"Medium Close-Up","short":"Chest up. Face and some body language.","what":"The subject is framed from the chest or upper chest to just above the head.","why":"It is intimate without losing all gesture. It is the standard framing for interviews and dialogue singles.","how":"Frame from mid-chest up with modest headroom. A 50-85mm lens at about 2 m flatters the face.","when":"Interviews, testimonials, dialogue singles, talking-head content, vlogs.","mistakes":["Cropping the top of the head so tightly it feels cramped at this size.","Placing the eyes in the centre instead of near the upper third."],"emotion":"Personal, attentive, warm","subjects":"Interviewees, characters in dialogue","envs":"Any","params":{"lens":"50-85mm","position":"1.5-2.5 m, eye height","motion":"Static or slow push","focus":"Eyes"},"cam":"medium close-up from the chest up, 70mm lens, eyes near the upper third, warm sunset rim light in her hair"},"zh":{"title":"中近景","short":"胸部以上，看得到脸也看得到一些肢体。","what":"主体从胸部（或上胸）到头顶略上方入画。","why":"亲近但不失去所有手势，是访谈和对话单人镜头的标准景别。","how":"从胸口以上构图，头顶留适度空间。用 50-85mm 在约 2 米外拍摄，脸部更好看。","when":"访谈、客户见证、对话单人镜头、口播内容、Vlog。","mistakes":["在这个景别下头顶切得太紧，显得局促。","眼睛放在画面正中，而不是接近上三分线。"],"emotion":"个人、专注、温暖","subjects":"受访者、对话中的人物","envs":"不限","params":{"lens":"50-85mm","position":"距离 1.5-2.5 米，眼睛高度","motion":"固定或缓推","focus":"对焦眼睛"},"cam":"中近景，胸部以上，70mm 镜头，眼睛接近上三分线，夕阳在发丝勾出暖色轮廓光"},"camp":{"en":"a medium close-up framed from the chest up","zh":"胸部以上的中近景"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/medium-close-up","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":17,"slug":"medium-wide","cat":"B","cls":"shot-size","sim":{"base":{"d":3.0,"h":1.45,"aim":1.05,"f":35,"n":4,"cast":"solo","pose":"walk"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["steadicam-gimbal","tracking","dolly-out"],"related":["wide","cowboy","medium"],"incompat":[],"en":{"title":"Medium Wide","short":"Knees up. Body and setting in balance.","what":"Also called a medium long shot. The subject is framed from about the knees up.","why":"It keeps posture and walk readable while staying close enough to see expression.","how":"Frame from the knees up with a 28-35mm lens at 3-4 m. Leave space in the direction of movement.","when":"Walk-and-talks, group entrances, fashion and lifestyle, showing an outfit with attitude.","mistakes":["Cutting right at the knee joint; frame just above or below it.","Not leaving lead room for a moving subject."],"emotion":"Confident, active, grounded","subjects":"Walking characters, small groups, outfits","envs":"Terraces, streets, corridors","params":{"lens":"28-35mm","position":"3-4 m, chest height","motion":"Gimbal, tracking or dolly-out","focus":"Lead subject"},"cam":"medium wide shot from the knees up, the group walking toward camera along the lit terrace"},"zh":{"title":"中全景","short":"膝盖以上，身体与环境平衡。","what":"又称中远景。主体从膝盖左右以上入画。","why":"既能看清姿态和步伐，又足够近，能看到表情。","how":"用 28-35mm 在 3-4 米外，从膝盖以上构图。运动方向前方要留空间。","when":"边走边谈、群体登场、时尚与生活方式、展示有态度的造型。","mistakes":["正好切在膝盖关节上，应略高或略低。","运动中的主体前方没有留出引导空间。"],"emotion":"自信、有动感、稳重","subjects":"行走的人物、小团体、服装造型","envs":"天台、街道、走廊","params":{"lens":"28-35mm","position":"距离 3-4 米，胸口高度","motion":"稳定器、跟拍或后拉","focus":"对焦领头的人物"},"cam":"中全景，膝盖以上，一群人沿着亮灯的天台走向镜头"},"camp":{"en":"a medium wide shot framed from the knees up","zh":"膝盖以上的中全景"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/medium-wide","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":18,"slug":"cowboy","cat":"B","cls":"shot-size","sim":{"base":{"d":2.5,"h":1.3,"aim":1.15,"f":35,"n":2.8,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["low-angle","push-in","medium-wide"],"related":["medium-wide","medium"],"incompat":[],"en":{"title":"Cowboy","short":"Mid-thigh up, from classic Westerns.","what":"Also called an American shot. The subject is framed from mid-thigh up, originally to include a gunslinger's holster.","why":"It has attitude. It reads as confident and ready, showing stance and hands on hips or in pockets.","how":"Frame from mid-thigh up with a 35mm lens around 2.5 m, often from slightly below eye level.","when":"Character introductions, fashion, standoffs, team line-ups, brand ambassadors.","mistakes":["Framing at the crotch line, which is unflattering.","Confusing it with a medium wide; the cowboy cut is higher, at mid-thigh."],"emotion":"Attitude, readiness, confidence","subjects":"Heroes, models, ambassadors","envs":"Rooftops, streets, deserts, stages","params":{"lens":"35mm","position":"2-3 m, slightly below eye level","motion":"Static or slow push","focus":"Eyes"},"cam":"cowboy shot framed from mid-thigh up, hands in pockets, confident stance, skyline behind"},"zh":{"title":"牛仔镜头（七分身）","short":"大腿中部以上，源自西部片。","what":"又称美式镜头。从大腿中部以上入画，最初是为了拍到枪手腰间的枪套。","why":"很有态度，表现自信与蓄势待发，能看到站姿以及叉腰或插兜的手。","how":"用 35mm 在约 2.5 米外从大腿中部以上构图，机位常略低于眼睛。","when":"人物登场、时尚、对峙、团队列阵、品牌代言人。","mistakes":["切在胯部，画面不好看。","与中全景混淆；牛仔镜头切在更高的大腿中部。"],"emotion":"态度、蓄势、自信","subjects":"英雄、模特、代言人","envs":"天台、街道、沙漠、舞台","params":{"lens":"35mm","position":"距离 2-3 米，略低于眼睛","motion":"固定或缓推","focus":"对焦眼睛"},"cam":"牛仔镜头，从大腿中部以上构图，双手插兜，站姿自信，背后是天际线"},"camp":{"en":"a cowboy shot framed from mid-thigh up","zh":"大腿中部以上的牛仔镜头"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/cowboy","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":19,"slug":"two-shot","cat":"B","cls":"shot-size","sim":{"base":{"d":3.2,"h":1.45,"aim":1.25,"f":40,"n":2.8,"cast":"duo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["over-the-shoulder","dolly-in","eye-level","orbit"],"related":["group-shot","over-the-shoulder"],"incompat":[["pov","A POV is one character's view; a two-shot shows both characters from outside.","主观镜头是某个人物的视角，双人镜头是从外部同时拍两人。"]],"en":{"title":"Two-Shot","short":"Two people sharing one frame.","what":"Two subjects are framed together, usually from the waist or knees up.","why":"It shows a relationship: closeness, distance, power balance or tension, all in one picture.","how":"Place both subjects on the thirds or stagger them in depth. Their spacing and eyelines tell the story.","when":"Dialogue, couples, partnerships, interviews with two hosts, friendship and rivalry.","mistakes":["Placing both faces at the same depth and height, which looks like a passport photo.","Ignoring eyelines, so they do not seem to relate to each other."],"emotion":"Relationship, connection, contrast","subjects":"Couples, partners, rivals, co-hosts","envs":"Sofas, cafes, cars, terraces","params":{"lens":"35-50mm","position":"2.5-4 m","motion":"Static, slow push or slow arc","focus":"Both, or the speaker"},"cam":"two-shot of the two women sitting together on the terrace sofa, staggered in depth, sunset behind"},"zh":{"title":"双人镜头","short":"两个人同框。","what":"两个主体同时入画，通常是腰部或膝盖以上。","why":"在一个画面中表现关系：亲近、距离、权力平衡或紧张感。","how":"让两人位于三分线上，或在纵深上前后错开。两人的间距和视线方向本身就在讲故事。","when":"对话、情侣、合作伙伴、双主持访谈、友情与竞争。","mistakes":["两张脸在同一深度和高度，像证件照。","忽略视线方向，两人看起来毫无关联。"],"emotion":"关系、联系、对比","subjects":"情侣、伙伴、对手、联合主持","envs":"沙发、咖啡馆、车内、露台","params":{"lens":"35-50mm","position":"距离 2.5-4 米","motion":"固定、缓推或缓慢弧形移动","focus":"对焦两人，或对焦说话的人"},"cam":"双人镜头，两位女性并坐在露台沙发上，前后错开，背后是夕阳"},"camp":{"en":"a two-shot with both people sharing the frame","zh":"两人同框的双人镜头"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/two-shot","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":20,"slug":"group-shot","cat":"B","cls":"shot-size","sim":{"base":{"d":5.2,"h":1.5,"aim":1.1,"f":28,"n":5.6,"cast":"group","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["dolly-out","steadicam-gimbal","symmetrical","crane-jib"],"related":["two-shot","wide"],"incompat":[["extreme-close-up","A group cannot fit inside an extreme close-up.","大特写无法容纳一个群体。"]],"en":{"title":"Group Shot","short":"Three or more people in one frame.","what":"Three or more subjects are framed together as a unit.","why":"It shows team, family or ensemble dynamics: who leads, who belongs and how the group relates to its world.","how":"Arrange the group in depth or in a shallow V so faces do not hide each other. Use 24-35mm and stop down so everyone is sharp.","when":"Team introductions, corporate culture films, ensemble casts, event coverage, campaign key visuals.","mistakes":["Lining everyone up flat in a row.","Shooting at a wide aperture so only one person is sharp."],"emotion":"Belonging, strength, ensemble","subjects":"Teams, families, bands, squads","envs":"Lounges, stages, terraces, offices","params":{"lens":"24-35mm","position":"4-7 m","motion":"Static, dolly-out or crane","focus":"Deep focus at f/5.6-8"},"cam":"group shot of four friends in black suits arranged in depth on the rooftop lounge, everyone in focus"},"zh":{"title":"群像镜头","short":"三人或以上同框。","what":"三个或更多主体作为一个整体同时入画。","why":"表现团队、家庭或群像的关系：谁是核心、谁属于这里、群体与世界的关系。","how":"让人群在纵深上错落排列，或排成浅 V 字形，避免互相遮挡。用 24-35mm 并收小光圈让每个人都清晰。","when":"团队介绍、企业文化片、群戏、活动纪录、广告主视觉。","mistakes":["所有人平排成一列。","光圈开太大，只有一个人清晰。"],"emotion":"归属、力量、群像感","subjects":"团队、家庭、乐队、小队","envs":"酒廊、舞台、露台、办公室","params":{"lens":"24-35mm","position":"距离 4-7 米","motion":"固定、后拉或摇臂","focus":"f/5.6-8 大景深"},"cam":"群像镜头，四位身穿黑色西装的朋友在天台酒廊前后错落排列，每个人都清晰对焦"},"camp":{"en":"a group shot with everyone arranged in depth","zh":"众人前后错落的群像镜头"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/group-shot","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":21,"slug":"tracking","cat":"C","cls":"movement","sim":{"base":{"d":3.6,"h":1.4,"aim":1.2,"f":35,"n":2.8,"cast":"solo","pose":"walk"},"move":{"type":"track","mode":"side","speed":1.3},"dur":6},"compat":["steadicam-gimbal","medium-wide","profile","handheld"],"related":["trucking","steadicam-gimbal","snorricam"],"incompat":[["locked-off","Tracking means the camera travels with the subject; a locked-off camera cannot move.","跟拍意味着摄影机随主体移动，锁定机位无法移动。"]],"overlap":{"en":"Tracking and trucking are often used interchangeably. In this lab, tracking means the camera travels to stay with a moving subject; trucking means the camera slides sideways past a scene.","zh":"跟拍与横移常被混用。本实验室中，跟拍指摄影机为跟住运动的主体而移动；横移指摄影机从场景旁侧向滑过。"},"en":{"title":"Tracking","short":"The camera travels with a moving subject.","what":"The camera physically moves alongside, ahead of or behind a moving subject to keep pace with them.","why":"It keeps the audience in the subject's momentum. The background streams past while the subject stays with us.","how":"Move the camera on a dolly, vehicle, gimbal or Steadicam at the subject's speed, keeping a constant distance and framing.","when":"Walking and running, car commercials, fashion walks, chases, following a character through an event.","mistakes":["Letting the distance drift, so the subject grows and shrinks in frame.","Matching speed badly, so the subject slides across the frame."],"emotion":"Momentum, energy, companionship","subjects":"Walkers, runners, vehicles, dancers","envs":"Corridors, streets, terraces, roads","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"Constant 2-5 m offset","motion":"Physical translation matched to subject","focus":"Follow focus on subject"},"cam":"side tracking shot, the camera travels alongside her at walking pace, the background streaming past with motion blur while she stays sharp"},"zh":{"title":"跟拍","short":"摄影机跟着运动的主体一起移动。","what":"摄影机在运动主体的旁边、前方或后方实际移动，与主体保持同步。","why":"让观众保持在主体的动势之中，背景流动而主体一直在身边。","how":"用轨道车、车辆、稳定器或斯坦尼康，以主体的速度移动，保持恒定的距离与构图。","when":"行走与奔跑、汽车广告、时装走秀、追逐、在活动现场跟随人物。","mistakes":["距离忽远忽近，主体在画面中忽大忽小。","速度没跟上，主体在画面中滑来滑去。"],"emotion":"动势、能量、陪伴感","subjects":"行人、跑者、车辆、舞者","envs":"走廊、街道、露台、公路","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"恒定偏移 2-5 米","motion":"与主体同速的实际平移","focus":"跟焦主体"},"cam":"侧向跟拍，摄影机以步行速度与她并行移动，背景带着动态模糊流过，她保持清晰"},"camp":{"en":"the camera tracks alongside the subject at the same pace, the background streaming past","zh":"摄影机以相同速度与主体并行跟拍，背景从旁流过"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/tracking","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":22,"slug":"dolly-in","cat":"C","cls":"movement","sim":{"base":{"d":6.0,"h":1.5,"aim":1.4,"f":35,"n":2.8,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"dolly","amt":3.6},"dur":6},"compat":["eye-level","rack-focus","medium-close-up","close-up"],"related":["push-in","zoom-in","dolly-zoom","dolly-out"],"incompat":[["dolly-out","Opposite directions on the same axis in one move.","同一轴线上方向相反的两个运动。"],["locked-off","A dolly move needs the camera to travel.","推轨运动需要摄影机移动。"]],"overlap":{"en":"Push-in is a slow, subtle dolly-in. Zoom-in looks similar but changes focal length instead of position, so the background perspective behaves differently.","zh":"缓推是一种缓慢、含蓄的推轨推进。变焦推进看起来相似，但改变的是焦距而不是机位，因此背景透视的变化不同。"},"en":{"title":"Dolly-In","short":"The camera physically moves toward the subject.","what":"The whole camera travels forward toward the subject on a dolly, slider or gimbal. The focal length stays the same.","why":"Moving closer draws the audience into the subject's thoughts. Because the camera moves through space, foreground and background shift naturally (parallax).","how":"Move the camera forward at a steady speed with a fixed focal length. Pull focus as the distance shrinks.","when":"Realisations, building tension, emphasising a product or line of dialogue, entering a character's world.","mistakes":["Using the zoom ring instead and calling it a dolly.","Starting or stopping abruptly, which reads as a bump."],"emotion":"Focus, intimacy, rising tension","subjects":"Faces, products, doorways","envs":"Any with depth","params":{"lens":"Fixed 24-50mm","position":"Starts 4-8 m, ends 1-3 m","motion":"Forward translation, fixed focal length","focus":"Pull focus with the move"},"cam":"smooth dolly-in, the camera physically glides forward toward her at a fixed 35mm focal length, natural parallax in the background"},"zh":{"title":"推轨推进","short":"摄影机实际向主体移动。","what":"整台摄影机在轨道车、滑轨或稳定器上向主体前进，焦距保持不变。","why":"靠近让观众进入人物的内心。由于摄影机穿过空间，前景与背景会自然地产生视差。","how":"以固定焦距匀速向前移动摄影机，随距离缩短而跟焦。","when":"顿悟时刻、积累张力、强调产品或台词、进入人物的世界。","mistakes":["其实是转变焦环，却称之为推轨。","起步或停止太突然，看起来像颠了一下。"],"emotion":"聚焦、亲近、张力上升","subjects":"脸部、产品、门口","envs":"任何有纵深的场景","params":{"lens":"固定焦距 24-50mm","position":"从 4-8 米推到 1-3 米","motion":"向前平移，焦距固定","focus":"随运动跟焦"},"cam":"平稳的推轨推进，摄影机以固定 35mm 焦距实际向她滑近，背景有自然的视差"},"camp":{"en":"the camera dollies forward toward the subject at a fixed focal length, with natural parallax","zh":"摄影机以固定焦距向主体推轨前进，带有自然视差"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/dolly-in","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":23,"slug":"dolly-zoom","cat":"C","cls":"combined","sim":{"base":{"d":7.0,"h":1.5,"aim":1.4,"f":85,"n":4,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"dollyzoom","to":2.2},"dur":6},"compat":["eye-level","medium","close-up"],"related":["dolly-in","zoom-out","dolly-out","zoom-in"],"incompat":[["handheld","The effect depends on perfectly steady framing; shake hides the perspective shift.","这个效果依赖完全稳定的构图，抖动会掩盖透视变化。"],["locked-off","A dolly zoom needs the camera to travel.","滑动变焦需要摄影机移动。"]],"overlap":{"en":"A dolly zoom combines a dolly-in with a zoom-out (or a dolly-out with a zoom-in) so the subject stays the same size while the background perspective stretches or compresses.","zh":"滑动变焦把推轨推进与变焦拉远结合（或后拉与变焦推进结合），主体大小不变，背景透视被拉伸或压缩。"},"en":{"title":"Dolly Zoom","short":"Move and zoom in opposite directions. Subject stays the same size.","what":"Also called the Vertigo effect or contra-zoom. The camera dollies while the lens zooms the opposite way, keeping the subject the same size in frame.","why":"The background appears to stretch or rush away while the subject stays still. It feels like the ground shifting under someone: shock, vertigo, realisation.","how":"Dolly toward the subject while zooming out (or away while zooming in), adjusting the zoom continuously so the subject's size is locked. Focal length changes in proportion to distance.","when":"Moments of shock, dread or sudden understanding; surreal product reveals; music videos.","mistakes":["Letting the subject size drift, which turns it into a messy push.","Using a flat background with no depth, so the perspective change is invisible."],"emotion":"Shock, vertigo, disorientation","subjects":"A face in a moment of realisation","envs":"Corridors, streets, landscapes with depth","params":{"lens":"Zoom, e.g. 24-85mm","position":"Distance and focal length change together","motion":"Translation plus opposite optical zoom","focus":"Pull focus with distance"},"cam":"dolly zoom, the camera dollies toward her while zooming out so she stays the same size and the background stretches away dramatically"},"zh":{"title":"滑动变焦（眩晕镜头）","short":"移动与变焦方向相反，主体大小不变。","what":"又称“迷魂记效果”或反向变焦。摄影机推拉的同时镜头反向变焦，使主体在画面中大小保持不变。","why":"主体不动，背景却被拉伸或急速远去，像脚下的地面在移动：震惊、眩晕、恍然大悟。","how":"推向主体的同时变焦拉远（或后拉时变焦推进），持续调整让主体大小锁定。焦距随距离按比例变化。","when":"震惊、恐惧或突然明白的时刻；超现实的产品揭示；音乐录影带。","mistakes":["主体大小飘忽，变成一个混乱的推镜头。","背景平坦没有纵深，看不出透视变化。"],"emotion":"震惊、眩晕、迷失","subjects":"恍然大悟时的脸","envs":"走廊、街道、有纵深的风景","params":{"lens":"变焦镜头，例如 24-85mm","position":"距离与焦距同时变化","motion":"平移加反向光学变焦","focus":"随距离跟焦"},"cam":"滑动变焦，摄影机推向她的同时变焦拉远，她的大小不变，背景被戏剧性地拉远拉伸"},"camp":{"en":"a dolly zoom: the camera moves toward the subject while zooming out, so the subject keeps its size and the background stretches","zh":"滑动变焦：摄影机推向主体的同时变焦拉远，主体大小不变，背景被拉伸"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/dolly-zoom","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1671,"h":941}},{"n":24,"slug":"orbit","cat":"C","cls":"movement","sim":{"base":{"d":3.2,"h":1.5,"aim":1.35,"f":35,"n":2.8,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand","yaw":-60},"move":{"type":"orbit","amt":120},"dur":7},"compat":["three-quarter-angle","two-shot","low-angle","bullet-time"],"related":["bullet-time","crane-jib","steadicam-gimbal"],"incompat":[["locked-off","An orbit needs the camera to travel around the subject.","环绕需要摄影机绕着主体移动。"],["whip-pan","Two competing trajectories in one short move; let one dominate.","一个短运动中有两条互相竞争的轨迹，应以一种为主。"]],"en":{"title":"Orbit","short":"The camera circles the subject, keeping them in view.","what":"Also called an arc shot. The camera travels in a circle or arc around the subject while turning to keep them framed.","why":"It makes a moment feel important and three-dimensional. The background sweeps behind the subject, revealing the space and adding energy.","how":"Move the camera on a circular track, gimbal or drone at constant radius, panning continuously to keep the subject centred.","when":"Hero reveals, product turntables, first meetings, celebrations, music performances.","mistakes":["Changing the radius mid-move so the subject size pumps.","Orbiting with no background interest, so the move feels empty."],"emotion":"Importance, energy, wonder","subjects":"Heroes, couples, products, cars","envs":"Rooftops, stages, showrooms, open landscapes","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"Constant radius 2-5 m","motion":"Circular translation with continuous pan","focus":"Subject at fixed distance"},"cam":"orbit shot, the camera arcs 120 degrees around her at a constant distance while the skyline sweeps behind her"},"zh":{"title":"环绕","short":"摄影机绕着主体移动，并始终对着主体。","what":"又称弧形镜头。摄影机绕主体做圆周或弧形运动，同时转动以保持主体在画面中。","why":"让瞬间显得重要而立体。背景在主体身后掠过，交代空间并增加能量。","how":"用圆形轨道、稳定器或无人机保持恒定半径移动，同时持续摇镜让主体居中。","when":"英雄揭示、产品展示转台、初次相遇、庆祝、音乐表演。","mistakes":["中途半径改变，主体大小忽大忽小。","背景缺乏看点，运动显得空洞。"],"emotion":"重要感、能量、惊叹","subjects":"英雄、情侣、产品、汽车","envs":"天台、舞台、展厅、开阔风景","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"恒定半径 2-5 米","motion":"圆周平移并持续摇镜","focus":"主体距离固定"},"cam":"环绕镜头，摄影机以恒定距离绕她弧形移动 120 度，天际线在她身后掠过"},"camp":{"en":"the camera orbits around the subject at a constant distance, keeping them centred as the background sweeps behind","zh":"摄影机以恒定距离环绕主体，保持主体居中，背景在其身后掠过"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/orbit","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":25,"slug":"crane-jib","cat":"C","cls":"movement","sim":{"base":{"d":3.0,"h":1.0,"aim":1.3,"f":28,"n":4,"cast":"group","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"crane","h2":6.0,"d2":6.5},"dur":7},"compat":["high-angle","group-shot","pull-out-reveal","extreme-wide"],"related":["pedestal","pull-out-reveal","drone-flyover"],"incompat":[["handheld","A crane is a smooth mechanical move; handheld shake contradicts it.","摇臂是平稳的机械运动，手持抖动与之矛盾。"]],"en":{"title":"Crane / Jib","short":"The camera rises or descends in a sweeping arc.","what":"The camera is carried on a crane or jib arm so it can rise, descend and swing through the air while re-aiming at the subject.","why":"Vertical sweeps feel epic and authoritative. Rising up and away can end a scene; descending can welcome us into one.","how":"Boom the arm up or down while tilting to keep the subject framed. Combine with a slow move back for a grand reveal.","when":"Openings and endings, event and concert coverage, weddings, establishing a group in a location.","mistakes":["Moving the arm too fast, so the top of the move overshoots.","Forgetting to tilt, so the subject drops out of frame."],"emotion":"Grandeur, release, overview","subjects":"Groups, stages, couples, locations","envs":"Ballrooms, rooftops, plazas, concerts","params":{"lens":"18-35mm","position":"From 1 m up to 4-10 m","motion":"Vertical arc plus tilt","focus":"Subject, deeper stop"},"cam":"crane shot, the camera rises smoothly from chest height to high above the group, tilting down to keep them framed as the rooftop and city open up"},"zh":{"title":"摇臂升降","short":"摄影机以弧线升起或降下。","what":"摄影机装在摇臂或吊臂上，可以在空中上升、下降和摆动，同时重新对准主体。","why":"垂直方向的大幅运动显得史诗而有权威感。升起远离可以结束一场戏，下降可以把观众迎入一场戏。","how":"升降摇臂的同时俯仰调整，让主体保持在画面中。配合缓慢后退可以完成宏大的揭示。","when":"开场与结尾、活动与演唱会、婚礼、交代一群人所在的地点。","mistakes":["摇臂移动太快，顶端冲过头。","忘了同时俯仰，主体掉出画面。"],"emotion":"宏伟、释放、全局感","subjects":"群体、舞台、情侣、地点","envs":"宴会厅、天台、广场、演唱会","params":{"lens":"18-35mm","position":"从 1 米升至 4-10 米","motion":"垂直弧线加俯仰","focus":"对焦主体，光圈收小"},"cam":"摇臂镜头，摄影机从胸口高度平稳升至人群上方，同时向下俯拍保持构图，天台与城市逐渐展开"},"camp":{"en":"a crane shot rising smoothly upward while tilting down to keep the subject framed","zh":"摇臂镜头平稳升起，同时向下俯拍保持主体在画面中"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/crane-jib","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":26,"slug":"dolly-out","cat":"C","cls":"movement","sim":{"base":{"d":2.6,"h":1.5,"aim":1.35,"f":35,"n":2.8,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"dolly","amt":-3.8},"dur":6},"compat":["group-shot","medium-wide","steadicam-gimbal"],"related":["dolly-in","pull-out-reveal","zoom-out"],"incompat":[["dolly-in","Opposite directions on the same axis in one move.","同一轴线上方向相反的两个运动。"],["push-in","Opposite directions on the same axis in one move.","同一轴线上方向相反的两个运动。"]],"en":{"title":"Dolly-Out","short":"The camera physically moves away from the subject.","what":"The camera travels backward, away from the subject, at a fixed focal length.","why":"Pulling away creates distance, isolation or closure, or reveals more of the environment. Leading a walking subject keeps them coming toward us.","how":"Move the camera backward smoothly at a constant focal length. If the subject walks toward camera, match their pace to hold framing.","when":"Endings, isolation, revealing context, leading a walking group or presenter.","mistakes":["Zooming out instead, which flattens the background change.","Backing into obstacles; a dolly-out needs a clear path and a spotter."],"emotion":"Distance, release, isolation","subjects":"Characters, walking groups, presenters","envs":"Corridors, terraces, streets","params":{"lens":"Fixed 24-50mm","position":"Starts 1-3 m, ends 4-8 m","motion":"Backward translation, fixed focal length","focus":"Pull focus with the move"},"cam":"dolly-out, the camera glides backward away from her at a fixed focal length, the terrace and skyline gradually filling the frame"},"zh":{"title":"后拉镜头","short":"摄影机实际远离主体。","what":"摄影机以固定焦距向后移动，远离主体。","why":"拉远带来距离感、孤立或收尾感，或揭示更多环境。在主体前方后退领走，可以让主体始终朝我们走来。","how":"以恒定焦距平稳后退。若主体走向镜头，配合其步速保持构图。","when":"结尾、孤独感、揭示环境、领拍行走中的群体或主持人。","mistakes":["其实用了变焦拉远，背景变化被压平。","后退时撞到障碍物；后拉需要清空路线并有人看护。"],"emotion":"距离、释放、孤立","subjects":"人物、行走的群体、主持人","envs":"走廊、露台、街道","params":{"lens":"固定焦距 24-50mm","position":"从 1-3 米拉到 4-8 米","motion":"向后平移，焦距固定","focus":"随运动跟焦"},"cam":"后拉镜头，摄影机以固定焦距向后滑离她，露台与天际线逐渐填满画面"},"camp":{"en":"the camera dollies backward away from the subject at a fixed focal length","zh":"摄影机以固定焦距向后拉离主体"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/dolly-out","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":27,"slug":"pan","cat":"C","cls":"rotation","sim":{"base":{"d":5.0,"h":1.5,"aim":1.3,"f":35,"n":4,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"pan","from":-55,"to":0},"dur":6},"compat":["wide","extreme-wide","tracking"],"related":["whip-pan","tilt","trucking"],"incompat":[["whip-pan","A whip pan is a pan; choose one speed for the move.","甩镜头本身就是摇镜头，同一运动只能选择一种速度。"]],"overlap":{"en":"A pan rotates the camera from a fixed position. Trucking moves the whole camera sideways. In a pan, near and far objects keep their relationship; in a truck, they slide past each other (parallax).","zh":"摇镜头是在固定位置旋转摄影机；横移是整台摄影机侧向移动。摇镜时远近物体关系不变；横移时它们会相对滑动（视差）。"},"en":{"title":"Pan","short":"The camera turns left or right from a fixed position.","what":"The camera rotates horizontally on its tripod head. Its position does not change.","why":"A pan scans a space as a person turns their head, connecting two subjects or revealing what is beside us.","how":"Lock the tripod and rotate the head smoothly. Start and end on a composed frame, and move slowly enough to avoid judder.","when":"Revealing a location, following a subject across a room, connecting cause and effect, panoramas.","mistakes":["Panning too fast for the frame rate, which causes strobing.","Ending on an empty frame instead of a composed one."],"emotion":"Discovery, connection, observation","subjects":"Landscapes, rooms, moving subjects","envs":"Skylines, interiors, events","params":{"lens":"24-85mm","position":"Fixed tripod position","motion":"Horizontal rotation only","focus":"Adjust if subject distance changes"},"cam":"slow pan from the city skyline across to her standing at the railing, the camera rotating on a fixed tripod"},"zh":{"title":"水平摇镜","short":"摄影机在固定位置左右转动。","what":"摄影机在三脚架云台上水平旋转，位置不变。","why":"摇镜像人转头一样扫视空间，连接两个主体，或揭示身边的事物。","how":"锁定三脚架，平稳转动云台。起幅和落幅都要是构图完整的画面，速度要慢到不卡顿。","when":"揭示地点、跟随主体穿过房间、连接因果、全景。","mistakes":["相对帧率摇得太快，出现频闪。","落幅停在空画面上，而不是完整的构图。"],"emotion":"发现、连接、观察","subjects":"风景、室内、移动的主体","envs":"天际线、室内、活动现场","params":{"lens":"24-85mm","position":"三脚架位置固定","motion":"仅水平旋转","focus":"主体距离变化时调整"},"cam":"缓慢水平摇镜，从城市天际线摇到站在栏杆边的她，摄影机在固定三脚架上旋转"},"camp":{"en":"the camera pans horizontally from a fixed position","zh":"摄影机在固定位置水平摇镜"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/pan","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":28,"slug":"tilt","cat":"C","cls":"rotation","sim":{"base":{"d":3.2,"h":1.2,"aim":1.3,"f":24,"n":5.6,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"tilt","from":-24,"to":30},"dur":6},"compat":["worms-eye-view","low-angle","pan"],"related":["pan","pedestal","crane-jib"],"incompat":[["pedestal","A pedestal moves the camera up without tilting; combining the two changes both height and angle, so plan it as a crane move instead.","升降不改变镜头角度；两者结合会同时改变高度与角度，应当作摇臂运动来设计。"]],"overlap":{"en":"A tilt rotates the camera up or down from a fixed position. A pedestal moves the whole camera up or down without changing its angle.","zh":"俯仰摇镜是在固定位置上下旋转摄影机；垂直升降是整台摄影机上下移动，角度不变。"},"en":{"title":"Tilt","short":"The camera rotates up or down from a fixed position.","what":"The camera pivots vertically on its head. Its position stays fixed.","why":"Tilting up reveals height and status; tilting down reveals ground, consequence or detail. It mimics looking someone up and down.","how":"Lock the tripod, then rotate the head vertically at an even speed. Frame a strong start and end.","when":"Revealing tall buildings or a full outfit, introducing a character from shoes to face, looking down at a clue.","mistakes":["Calling a pedestal move a tilt.","Tilting through empty sky with nothing to land on."],"emotion":"Reveal, scale, appraisal","subjects":"Towers, full outfits, statues, waterfalls","envs":"Cities, monuments, lobbies","params":{"lens":"16-50mm","position":"Fixed tripod position","motion":"Vertical rotation only","focus":"Deep focus or rack"},"cam":"tilt up from her shoes to her face and on to the towering skyscrapers, the camera pivoting on a fixed tripod"},"zh":{"title":"俯仰摇镜","short":"摄影机在固定位置上下转动。","what":"摄影机在云台上垂直转动，位置保持不变。","why":"向上摇揭示高度与地位；向下摇揭示地面、后果或细节，就像上下打量一个人。","how":"锁定三脚架，以均匀速度垂直转动云台，起幅和落幅都要有力。","when":"揭示高楼或整套服装、从鞋子到脸介绍人物、低头看线索。","mistakes":["把垂直升降称为俯仰摇镜。","摇过一片空白天空，没有落点。"],"emotion":"揭示、尺度、打量","subjects":"高楼、整套服装、雕像、瀑布","envs":"城市、纪念碑、大堂","params":{"lens":"16-50mm","position":"三脚架位置固定","motion":"仅垂直旋转","focus":"大景深或移焦"},"cam":"向上俯仰摇镜，从她的鞋子摇到脸，再摇到高耸的摩天大楼，摄影机在固定三脚架上转动"},"camp":{"en":"the camera tilts vertically from a fixed position","zh":"摄影机在固定位置上下俯仰摇镜"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/tilt","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":29,"slug":"trucking","cat":"C","cls":"movement","sim":{"base":{"d":4.0,"h":1.4,"aim":1.2,"f":35,"n":4,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"truck","amt":5},"dur":6},"compat":["profile","wide","symmetrical"],"related":["tracking","pan","pedestal"],"incompat":[["pan","Trucking past a subject while panning to keep them centred becomes an arc; pick one or plan an orbit.","横移经过主体时又摇镜让其居中，就变成弧形运动；应二选一或改为环绕。"],["locked-off","Trucking needs the camera to travel.","横移需要摄影机移动。"]],"overlap":{"en":"Trucking moves the camera sideways while it keeps facing the same direction. Tracking travels to stay with a moving subject.","zh":"横移是摄影机侧向移动而朝向不变；跟拍是为了跟住运动的主体而移动。"},"en":{"title":"Trucking","short":"The camera slides sideways, facing the same direction.","what":"The whole camera moves left or right, parallel to the scene, without rotating.","why":"Sideways movement creates strong parallax: foreground objects pass faster than the background, giving depth and a sense of gliding through a world.","how":"Use a slider, dolly track or gimbal moving laterally. Keep the camera pointing straight ahead, and add foreground objects to exaggerate parallax.","when":"Product lines, architecture, introducing a row of people, transitions behind pillars or plants.","mistakes":["Accidentally panning during the move, which muddies the parallax.","No foreground layer, so the move looks like a slow pan."],"emotion":"Elegance, flow, depth","subjects":"Rows of people or products, architecture","envs":"Terraces with planters, galleries, showrooms","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"Constant distance, parallel path","motion":"Lateral translation, no rotation","focus":"Subject distance changes slightly"},"cam":"lateral trucking shot, the camera slides sideways along the terrace facing straight ahead, planters passing in the foreground with strong parallax"},"zh":{"title":"横移","short":"摄影机侧向滑动，朝向不变。","what":"整台摄影机与场景平行地左右移动，不旋转。","why":"侧向移动产生强烈视差：前景比背景移动得更快，带来纵深感，仿佛在世界中滑行。","how":"用滑轨、轨道或稳定器横向移动，镜头保持正前方朝向，加入前景物体可放大视差。","when":"产品陈列、建筑、介绍一排人物、借柱子或植物完成转场。","mistakes":["移动时不小心带了摇镜，视差变得混乱。","没有前景层次，看起来像慢摇。"],"emotion":"优雅、流畅、纵深","subjects":"成排的人或产品、建筑","envs":"有花槽的露台、画廊、展厅","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"恒定距离，平行路线","motion":"横向平移，不旋转","focus":"主体距离略有变化"},"cam":"横移镜头，摄影机朝正前方沿露台侧向滑动，前景花槽带着强烈视差掠过"},"camp":{"en":"the camera trucks sideways while facing straight ahead, foreground passing with parallax","zh":"摄影机朝向不变侧向横移，前景带着视差掠过"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/trucking","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":30,"slug":"pedestal","cat":"C","cls":"movement","sim":{"base":{"d":3.0,"h":0.8,"aim":null,"pitch":0,"f":50,"n":2.8,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"pedestal","h2":1.95},"dur":6},"compat":["eye-level","medium","symmetrical"],"related":["tilt","crane-jib"],"incompat":[["tilt","Combining a pedestal with a tilt changes height and angle together; plan it as a crane move.","升降结合俯仰会同时改变高度与角度，应当作摇臂运动来设计。"]],"overlap":{"en":"Pedestal and tilt both change what we see vertically. A pedestal moves the camera's position; a tilt rotates it. With a pedestal, the horizon stays level and lines stay parallel.","zh":"垂直升降和俯仰摇镜都改变垂直方向上看到的内容。升降移动机位，俯仰旋转机身。升降时地平线保持水平，线条保持平行。"},"en":{"title":"Pedestal","short":"The camera rises or lowers straight up and down, without tilting.","what":"The whole camera moves vertically, like an elevator, while its angle stays level.","why":"It reveals what is above or below while keeping lines parallel. It feels measured and precise, common in studio and product work.","how":"Use a studio pedestal, jib in level mode, or a gimbal raised slowly. Keep the lens angle fixed.","when":"Revealing a product on a counter, rising over a table to a face, studio presentations, title reveals.","mistakes":["Tilting at the same time, which turns it into a crane move.","Moving the height in steps instead of one smooth glide."],"emotion":"Precision, calm reveal","subjects":"Products, presenters, tables, signage","envs":"Studios, counters, showrooms","params":{"lens":"35-85mm","position":"Height changes 0.5-2 m","motion":"Vertical translation, no tilt","focus":"Constant distance"},"cam":"pedestal up, the camera rises straight up from waist height to above her head while staying perfectly level, no tilt"},"zh":{"title":"垂直升降","short":"摄影机垂直上下移动，不改变角度。","what":"整台摄影机像电梯一样垂直移动，镜头角度保持水平。","why":"在保持线条平行的同时揭示上方或下方的内容，显得克制而精准，常用于影棚和产品拍摄。","how":"使用影棚升降座、水平模式的摇臂，或缓慢抬升的稳定器，镜头角度保持不变。","when":"揭示柜台上的产品、从桌面升到人脸、影棚演示、标题揭示。","mistakes":["同时带了俯仰，变成了摇臂运动。","高度分段变化，而不是一次平滑升降。"],"emotion":"精准、冷静的揭示","subjects":"产品、主持人、桌面、招牌","envs":"影棚、柜台、展厅","params":{"lens":"35-85mm","position":"高度变化 0.5-2 米","motion":"垂直平移，不俯仰","focus":"距离不变"},"cam":"垂直升起，摄影机从腰部高度笔直升到她头顶上方，始终保持水平，没有俯仰"},"camp":{"en":"the camera pedestals straight up without tilting, staying level","zh":"摄影机垂直升起，不俯仰，保持水平"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/pedestal","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":31,"slug":"push-in","cat":"D","cls":"movement","sim":{"base":{"d":3.6,"h":1.55,"aim":1.45,"f":50,"n":2,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"dolly","amt":1.5,"ease":"slow"},"dur":8},"compat":["close-up","medium-close-up","eye-level","symmetrical"],"related":["dolly-in","zoom-in"],"incompat":[["dolly-out","Opposite directions on the same axis in one move.","同一轴线上方向相反的两个运动。"],["pull-out-reveal","Opposite directions on the same axis in one move.","同一轴线上方向相反的两个运动。"]],"overlap":{"en":"A push-in is a type of dolly-in: slower, shorter and almost subliminal. Many crews use the terms interchangeably.","zh":"缓推是推轨推进的一种：更慢、更短、几乎难以察觉。很多剧组会混用这两个词。"},"en":{"title":"Push-In","short":"A slow, subtle move closer at a key moment.","what":"A gentle, often barely noticeable forward camera move that tightens the frame during an important beat.","why":"It tells the audience 'pay attention now' without cutting. It quietly raises tension or intimacy.","how":"Dolly or slide forward slowly, usually less than 1.5 m over several seconds, timed to the line or realisation.","when":"Key dialogue, decisions, testimonials, emotional turns, product hero moments.","mistakes":["Moving so fast it becomes a dolly-in that draws attention to itself.","Starting the push before the moment that motivates it."],"emotion":"Rising focus, intimacy, gravity","subjects":"Faces, products, speakers","envs":"Any","params":{"lens":"35-85mm","position":"Moves 0.5-1.5 m","motion":"Slow forward translation","focus":"Eyes, gentle pull"},"cam":"slow subtle push-in toward her face over eight seconds, almost imperceptible, building quiet intensity"},"zh":{"title":"缓推","short":"在关键时刻缓慢而含蓄地靠近。","what":"一种温和、常常难以察觉的向前运动，在重要节点逐渐收紧画面。","why":"不用剪辑就告诉观众“注意现在”，悄悄提升张力或亲密感。","how":"缓慢推轨或滑轨前进，通常数秒内移动不到 1.5 米，与台词或醒悟时刻同步。","when":"关键台词、做决定、客户见证、情绪转折、产品高光时刻。","mistakes":["推得太快，变成引人注意的推轨推进。","在触发它的时刻之前就开始推。"],"emotion":"聚焦上升、亲密、分量感","subjects":"脸部、产品、讲者","envs":"不限","params":{"lens":"35-85mm","position":"移动 0.5-1.5 米","motion":"缓慢向前平移","focus":"对焦眼睛，轻柔跟焦"},"cam":"八秒内缓慢而含蓄地推向她的脸，几乎难以察觉，营造安静的张力"},"camp":{"en":"a slow, subtle push-in toward the subject","zh":"缓慢而含蓄地推向主体"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/push-in","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":32,"slug":"pull-out-reveal","cat":"D","cls":"movement","sim":{"base":{"d":2.0,"h":1.6,"aim":1.4,"f":35,"n":4,"cast":"group","pose":"walk"},"move":{"type":"pullout","d2":20,"h2":9},"dur":8},"compat":["crane-jib","drone-flyover","extreme-wide","high-angle"],"related":["dolly-out","crane-jib","zoom-out"],"incompat":[["push-in","Opposite directions on the same axis in one move.","同一轴线上方向相反的两个运动。"],["macro-tracking","A reveal needs space to open up; macro works within centimetres.","揭示需要打开空间，微距在厘米范围内工作。"]],"en":{"title":"Pull-Out Reveal","short":"Start close, pull back to reveal the bigger picture.","what":"The camera begins tight on a subject and moves back (often also rising) to reveal context the audience did not expect.","why":"It recontextualises the moment: who is watching, where we really are, how small or isolated the subject is.","how":"Start in a close or medium shot, then dolly back and up with a crane or drone. Time the reveal so the new information lands at the end.","when":"Endings, twists, showing a crowd behind a speaker, revealing a location or the scale of an event.","mistakes":["Revealing nothing new, so the move is just a dolly-out.","Pulling back faster than the audience can read the space."],"emotion":"Surprise, scale, perspective","subjects":"A person in a large space, a stage, a product in context","envs":"Rooftops, arenas, landscapes, events","params":{"lens":"24-35mm","position":"From 1-3 m out to 15-50 m, rising","motion":"Backward and upward translation","focus":"Deepens as you pull back"},"cam":"pull-out reveal, starting close on the group then pulling back and rising to reveal the vast rooftop terrace and city around them"},"zh":{"title":"后拉揭示","short":"从近处开始，拉远揭示全貌。","what":"摄影机从主体的近景开始，向后（通常同时上升）移动，揭示观众意想不到的环境。","why":"重新定义这一刻：谁在看、我们真正身在何处、主体有多渺小或孤立。","how":"从近景或中景开始，用摇臂或无人机向后并向上移动。安排好节奏，让新的信息在结尾出现。","when":"结尾、剧情反转、展示讲者身后的观众、揭示地点或活动规模。","mistakes":["没有揭示新内容，只是一个后拉镜头。","拉得比观众读懂空间的速度更快。"],"emotion":"惊喜、尺度、视角转换","subjects":"大空间里的人、舞台、环境中的产品","envs":"天台、场馆、风景、活动现场","params":{"lens":"24-35mm","position":"从 1-3 米拉到 15-50 米，同时上升","motion":"向后并向上平移","focus":"拉远时景深变大"},"cam":"后拉揭示，从这群人的近景开始，向后并向上拉起，揭示他们身处的广阔天台与城市"},"camp":{"en":"the camera starts close then pulls back and rises to reveal the wider setting","zh":"摄影机从近处开始，后拉并升起，揭示更大的环境"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/pull-out-reveal","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":33,"slug":"whip-pan","cat":"D","cls":"rotation","sim":{"base":{"d":4.0,"h":1.5,"aim":1.3,"f":35,"n":4,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"whip","from":-80,"to":0},"dur":4},"compat":["handheld","pov","medium"],"related":["pan","handheld"],"incompat":[["orbit","Two competing trajectories in one short move; let one dominate.","一个短运动中有两条互相竞争的轨迹，应以一种为主。"],["dolly-zoom","A dolly zoom needs steady framing to read; a whip blurs it away.","滑动变焦需要稳定的画面才能被看出，甩镜头会把它模糊掉。"]],"overlap":{"en":"A whip pan is a pan performed so fast that the image smears into motion blur. It is often used as an in-camera transition.","zh":"甩镜头是一种快到画面变成动态模糊的摇镜，常被用作前期拍摄中的转场。"},"en":{"title":"Whip Pan","short":"An extremely fast pan that blurs the image.","what":"Also called a swish pan. The camera pans so fast that everything between the start and end frame becomes streaked motion blur.","why":"It creates energy, urgency and comic or kinetic rhythm, and it can stitch two shots together as a seamless transition.","how":"Start on a framed subject, then snap the pan to the next subject and stop crisply. For a transition, end shot A and begin shot B with matching whip direction and speed.","when":"Action, comedy, music videos, energetic social edits, transitions between locations.","mistakes":["Not landing cleanly, so the end frame wobbles.","Mismatched blur direction between the two halves of a whip transition."],"emotion":"Energy, surprise, urgency","subjects":"Two subjects, reactions, transitions","envs":"Any","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"Fixed position","motion":"Very fast horizontal rotation","focus":"Pre-set on the landing subject"},"cam":"whip pan, the camera snaps rapidly from the skyline to her, the frame smearing into horizontal motion blur before landing sharply on her"},"zh":{"title":"甩镜头","short":"极快的摇镜，画面变成模糊。","what":"又称快摇。摄影机摇得极快，起幅和落幅之间的一切都变成拉丝状的动态模糊。","why":"制造能量、紧迫感以及喜剧或动感节奏，也可以把两个镜头缝合成无缝转场。","how":"从构图好的主体开始，迅速甩到下一个主体并干净地停住。做转场时，A 镜头结尾和 B 镜头开头的甩动方向和速度要一致。","when":"动作戏、喜剧、音乐录影带、节奏感强的短视频剪辑、地点之间的转场。","mistakes":["落幅不稳，结束画面在晃。","甩镜头转场前后两段模糊方向不一致。"],"emotion":"能量、惊喜、紧迫","subjects":"两个主体、反应镜头、转场","envs":"不限","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"位置固定","motion":"极快的水平旋转","focus":"预先对焦在落幅主体上"},"cam":"甩镜头，摄影机从天际线快速甩向她，画面拉出水平动态模糊，然后清晰地落在她身上"},"camp":{"en":"a whip pan that snaps quickly across with horizontal motion blur, landing sharply on the subject","zh":"甩镜头快速横扫并带有水平动态模糊，清晰地落在主体上"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/whip-pan","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":34,"slug":"handheld","cat":"D","cls":"stabilisation","sim":{"base":{"d":2.4,"h":1.5,"aim":1.4,"f":35,"n":2.8,"cast":"solo","pose":"walk"},"move":{"type":"handheld","amt":0.75,"follow":true},"dur":6},"compat":["pov","close-up","whip-pan","tracking"],"related":["steadicam-gimbal","pov"],"incompat":[["steadicam-gimbal","Contradictory stabilisation: handheld adds shake, Steadicam removes it.","稳定方式互相矛盾：手持增加晃动，斯坦尼康消除晃动。"],["dolly-zoom","The perspective trick needs perfectly steady framing.","透视效果需要完全稳定的构图。"],["symmetrical","Shake breaks a precise symmetrical frame.","晃动会破坏精确的对称构图。"]],"overlap":{"en":"Handheld describes how the camera is supported, not where it moves. A handheld camera can track, pan, push in or hold still.","zh":"手持描述的是摄影机的支撑方式，而不是运动路线。手持摄影机可以跟拍、摇镜、推进或保持不动。"},"en":{"title":"Handheld","short":"Operated by hand, with natural human movement.","what":"The camera is held or shoulder-mounted by the operator, so small breaths, steps and reactions show in the image.","why":"It feels raw, immediate and real, as if a person is present in the scene. It heightens urgency and documentary truth.","how":"Shoulder-mount or hold the camera close to your body, use a wider lens to reduce visible shake, and breathe with the scene. Move with intention rather than at random.","when":"Documentary, action, emotional confrontations, behind-the-scenes, social content, POV.","mistakes":["Exaggerated shake that becomes unwatchable.","Using a long lens handheld, which magnifies every wobble."],"emotion":"Urgency, realism, intimacy","subjects":"People in action or conflict","envs":"Streets, crowds, events, homes","params":{"lens":"18-35mm","position":"Close to the action","motion":"Organic, operator-driven","focus":"Fast manual or autofocus"},"cam":"handheld camera moving with her, natural organic shake and breathing motion, documentary realism"},"zh":{"title":"手持","short":"手持操作，带有自然的人体晃动。","what":"由摄影师手持或扛肩操作，呼吸、脚步和反应都会细微地反映在画面里。","why":"显得粗粝、即时、真实，仿佛有人就在现场，增强紧迫感和纪实感。","how":"扛肩或把摄影机贴近身体，使用偏广的镜头减少可见抖动，随场景呼吸。运动要有意图，不要随机乱晃。","when":"纪录片、动作戏、情绪冲突、幕后花絮、社交媒体内容、主观镜头。","mistakes":["晃动过度，让人看不下去。","手持长焦，放大了每一次抖动。"],"emotion":"紧迫、真实、亲近","subjects":"行动或冲突中的人","envs":"街道、人群、活动、家中","params":{"lens":"18-35mm","position":"贴近动作","motion":"有机的、由摄影师主导的运动","focus":"快速手动或自动对焦"},"cam":"手持摄影机随她移动，带有自然的晃动与呼吸感，纪实质感"},"camp":{"en":"handheld camera with natural, organic movement","zh":"手持摄影机，带有自然有机的晃动"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/handheld","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":35,"slug":"steadicam-gimbal","cat":"D","cls":"stabilisation","sim":{"base":{"d":3.2,"h":1.5,"aim":1.3,"f":28,"n":2.8,"cast":"solo","pose":"walk"},"move":{"type":"steadicam","mode":"lead"},"dur":7},"compat":["tracking","one-take","medium-wide","group-shot"],"related":["handheld","tracking","one-take"],"incompat":[["handheld","Contradictory stabilisation: Steadicam removes the shake handheld adds.","稳定方式互相矛盾：斯坦尼康消除的正是手持增加的晃动。"]],"overlap":{"en":"A Steadicam or gimbal is a stabilisation method, not a unique camera path. It is how you get smooth tracking, following and one-take shots without rails.","zh":"斯坦尼康或稳定器是一种稳定方式，而不是独特的运动路线。它让你无需轨道就能拍出平滑的跟拍、跟随和一镜到底。"},"en":{"title":"Steadicam / Gimbal","short":"Smooth, floating movement without tracks.","what":"A body-worn Steadicam or handheld gimbal isolates the camera from the operator's steps, producing smooth, gliding movement.","why":"It combines the freedom of handheld with the smoothness of a dolly. Movement feels dreamy, fluid and immersive.","how":"Walk with soft knees in a heel-to-toe glide. Lead, follow or circle the subject while the stabiliser absorbs bumps.","when":"Following characters through spaces, events, weddings, real estate, fashion, one-take sequences.","mistakes":["Bouncy steps that the gimbal cannot absorb.","Drifting horizon from a badly balanced rig."],"emotion":"Fluid, dreamy, immersive","subjects":"Walking characters, groups, interiors","envs":"Corridors, venues, terraces, homes","params":{"lens":"16-35mm","position":"1-4 m, free path","motion":"Stabilised free movement","focus":"Wireless follow focus or AF"},"cam":"smooth Steadicam shot gliding backward ahead of her as she walks, floating stabilised movement with no shake"},"zh":{"title":"斯坦尼康 / 稳定器","short":"无需轨道的平滑漂浮运动。","what":"穿戴式斯坦尼康或手持稳定器把摄影机与摄影师的脚步隔离开，产生平滑滑行般的运动。","why":"兼具手持的自由和轨道的平稳，运动显得梦幻、流畅、有沉浸感。","how":"膝盖微屈，以脚跟到脚尖的方式滑步行走。在主体前方领拍、后方跟随或绕着主体移动，让稳定器吸收颠簸。","when":"跟随人物穿过空间、活动、婚礼、房地产、时尚、一镜到底。","mistakes":["脚步太弹，稳定器吸收不了。","设备配平不好，地平线漂移。"],"emotion":"流畅、梦幻、沉浸","subjects":"行走的人物、群体、室内空间","envs":"走廊、场馆、露台、住宅","params":{"lens":"16-35mm","position":"1-4 米，路线自由","motion":"稳定的自由运动","focus":"无线跟焦或自动对焦"},"cam":"平滑的斯坦尼康镜头，在她前方随着她行走向后滑行，稳定漂浮、没有晃动"},"camp":{"en":"a smooth Steadicam move that glides with the subject, stabilised and floating","zh":"平滑的斯坦尼康运动随主体滑行，稳定而漂浮"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/steadicam-gimbal","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":36,"slug":"drone-flyover","cat":"D","cls":"movement","sim":{"base":{"d":30,"h":18,"aim":0,"f":24,"n":8,"cast":"group","pose":"walk"},"move":{"type":"drone"},"dur":8},"compat":["extreme-wide","birds-eye-view","pull-out-reveal","high-angle"],"related":["fpv-drone","crane-jib","birds-eye-view"],"incompat":[["close-up","A drone cannot safely or legally hold a face close-up.","无人机无法安全、合规地拍摄面部特写。"],["worms-eye-view","A drone sits high above; a worm's-eye camera sits on the ground.","无人机在高空，虫视镜头贴着地面。"]],"en":{"title":"Drone Flyover","short":"A high, smooth aerial pass over the scene.","what":"A camera drone flies over or past the scene at height, usually pitched down toward the subject.","why":"Aerial movement gives scale, geography and production value. It is the modern establishing shot.","how":"Fly a smooth straight or gently curving line at constant speed, with the gimbal tilted down. Check local aviation rules and permissions first.","when":"Openings, real estate, tourism, car commercials, events, revealing a rooftop or coastline.","mistakes":["Flying jerky or changing speed mid-shot.","Ignoring regulations, flying over crowds or in restricted zones."],"emotion":"Scale, freedom, prestige","subjects":"Locations, groups, vehicles, buildings","envs":"Cities, coasts, rooftops, landscapes","params":{"lens":"Drone 24mm-equivalent","position":"20-120 m altitude","motion":"Smooth aerial translation","focus":"Infinity"},"cam":"aerial drone flyover gliding high over the rooftop terrace, gimbal tilted down at the group as the city spreads out below"},"zh":{"title":"无人机飞越","short":"从高空平稳掠过场景。","what":"无人机在高处飞越或掠过场景，云台通常向下对着主体。","why":"航拍运动带来尺度、地理信息和制作质感，是现代的交代镜头。","how":"以恒定速度飞出平稳的直线或柔和曲线，云台向下倾斜。务必先确认当地航空法规与许可。","when":"开场、房地产、旅游、汽车广告、活动、揭示天台或海岸线。","mistakes":["飞行生硬，或在镜头中途改变速度。","忽视法规，在人群上方或禁飞区飞行。"],"emotion":"尺度、自由、高级感","subjects":"地点、群体、车辆、建筑","envs":"城市、海岸、天台、风景","params":{"lens":"无人机等效 24mm","position":"高度 20-120 米","motion":"平稳的空中平移","focus":"无限远"},"cam":"无人机航拍高空掠过天台露台，云台向下对着人群，城市在下方铺展开来"},"camp":{"en":"an aerial drone flyover gliding high over the scene, gimbal tilted down","zh":"无人机航拍高空掠过场景，云台向下倾斜"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/drone-flyover","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":37,"slug":"fpv-drone","cat":"D","cls":"movement","sim":{"base":{"d":14,"h":3,"aim":1.2,"f":16,"n":8,"cast":"group","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"fpv"},"dur":6},"compat":["one-take","pov","whip-pan"],"related":["drone-flyover","one-take","dutch-roll"],"incompat":[["symmetrical","FPV banks and rolls constantly; a symmetrical frame cannot hold.","FPV 持续倾斜翻滚，对称构图无法维持。"],["locked-off","FPV is continuous flight.","FPV 是连续飞行。"]],"en":{"title":"FPV Drone","short":"A fast, agile drone that dives, banks and threads through gaps.","what":"A first-person-view racing-style drone flown manually, able to dive, bank, roll and fly through tight spaces at speed.","why":"It feels thrilling and impossible: the camera behaves like a bird or a bullet. It is ideal for energetic, continuous journeys.","how":"A skilled pilot flies the drone manually with goggles. Plan a path that threads through openings and passes close to subjects, with safety distances agreed.","when":"Venue tours, sports, car and action commercials, event openers, one-take journeys through buildings.","mistakes":["Flying close to people without safety planning.","Constant banking with no clear subject, which causes motion sickness."],"emotion":"Thrill, speed, freedom","subjects":"Venues, vehicles, athletes, groups","envs":"Buildings, stadiums, factories, rooftops","params":{"lens":"Wide FPV camera 14-20mm","position":"0.5-30 m, dynamic","motion":"Fast 3D flight with banking","focus":"Infinity"},"cam":"FPV drone shot diving fast over the rooftop edge, banking around the group and swooping past them, dynamic roll and speed"},"zh":{"title":"FPV 穿越机","short":"快速灵活的无人机，俯冲、倾斜、穿越缝隙。","what":"一种以第一人称视角手动操控的竞速型无人机，能高速俯冲、倾斜、翻滚并穿过狭窄空间。","why":"刺激而不可思议：摄影机像飞鸟或子弹一样运动，非常适合充满能量的连续旅程。","how":"由熟练的飞手戴眼镜手动操控。规划穿过开口、贴近主体掠过的路线，并约定安全距离。","when":"场馆巡游、体育、汽车与动作广告、活动开场、穿越建筑的一镜到底。","mistakes":["没有安全规划就贴近人群飞行。","持续倾斜却没有明确主体，让人晕眩。"],"emotion":"刺激、速度、自由","subjects":"场馆、车辆、运动员、群体","envs":"建筑、体育场、工厂、天台","params":{"lens":"FPV 广角 14-20mm","position":"0.5-30 米，动态变化","motion":"带倾斜的高速三维飞行","focus":"无限远"},"cam":"FPV 穿越机越过天台边缘快速俯冲，绕着人群倾斜转弯并掠过他们，带有动态翻滚与速度感"},"camp":{"en":"an FPV drone shot diving, banking and swooping past the subject at speed","zh":"FPV 穿越机高速俯冲、倾斜并掠过主体"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/fpv-drone","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":38,"slug":"rack-focus","cat":"D","cls":"focus","sim":{"base":{"d":4.6,"h":1.45,"aim":1.35,"f":85,"n":1.8,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand","fg":"lantern"},"move":{"type":"rack","from":"fg","to":"subject"},"dur":5},"compat":["over-the-shoulder","close-up","split-diopter","medium-close-up"],"related":["split-diopter","over-the-shoulder"],"incompat":[["split-diopter","A split diopter keeps two planes sharp at once, so there is nothing to rack between; use one or the other.","分屈光镜同时让两个焦平面清晰，没有可以转移的焦点；二选一。"]],"en":{"title":"Rack Focus","short":"Focus shifts from one subject to another. The camera does not move.","what":"Also called a focus pull. With a shallow depth of field, the focus plane moves from a foreground subject to a background one, or the reverse.","why":"It directs attention without cutting or moving the camera. It links two story elements: a clue and the person who notices it.","how":"Use a long lens and wide aperture so only one plane is sharp. Mark both focus distances and pull smoothly between them on a cue.","when":"Reveals, dialogue, product-to-person transitions, suspense, shifting a character's attention.","mistakes":["Too much depth of field, so the shift is barely visible.","Pulling at the wrong moment or overshooting the mark."],"emotion":"Attention, connection, reveal","subjects":"A foreground object and a person","envs":"Any with layered depth","params":{"lens":"85-135mm at f/1.4-2.8","position":"Fixed","motion":"No camera movement; focus distance changes","focus":"Between two marks"},"cam":"rack focus, starting sharp on the glass lantern in the foreground then shifting focus to her face in the background, shallow depth of field"},"zh":{"title":"焦点转移（移焦）","short":"焦点从一个主体转到另一个主体，摄影机不动。","what":"又称拉焦。在浅景深下，焦平面从前景主体移到背景主体，或者反过来。","why":"不剪辑、不移动就能引导注意力，把两个叙事元素连接起来：线索与发现线索的人。","how":"使用长焦和大光圈，让只有一个平面清晰。标记两个对焦距离，在提示点平滑地在两者之间拉焦。","when":"揭示、对话、从产品转到人物、悬疑、人物注意力的转移。","mistakes":["景深太大，转移几乎看不出来。","拉焦时机不对或冲过了标记点。"],"emotion":"注意力、联系、揭示","subjects":"前景物体与人物","envs":"任何有层次纵深的场景","params":{"lens":"85-135mm，f/1.4-2.8","position":"固定","motion":"摄影机不动，对焦距离变化","focus":"在两个标记点之间"},"cam":"焦点转移，起初清晰对焦前景的玻璃灯，随后焦点转到背景中她的脸上，浅景深"},"camp":{"en":"the camera holds still while focus racks from a foreground object to the subject","zh":"摄影机保持不动，焦点从前景物体转移到主体"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/rack-focus","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":39,"slug":"zoom-in","cat":"D","cls":"optical","sim":{"base":{"d":6.0,"h":1.5,"aim":1.4,"f":35,"n":4,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"zoom","to":84},"dur":5},"compat":["handheld","close-up","eye-level"],"related":["dolly-in","push-in","zoom-out","dolly-zoom"],"incompat":[["zoom-out","Opposite optical directions in one move.","同一个运动中光学变焦方向相反。"],["prime-lens","A zoom needs a zoom lens; a fixed focal length lens cannot change magnification.","变焦需要变焦镜头，定焦镜头无法改变放大倍率。"]],"overlap":{"en":"A zoom-in enlarges the image optically from a fixed position. A dolly-in moves the camera closer. With a zoom, foreground and background grow together and the background appears to compress; with a dolly, parallax changes.","zh":"变焦推进是在固定位置光学放大画面；推轨推进是让摄影机靠近。变焦时前景与背景一起放大、背景显得被压缩；推轨时视差会改变。"},"en":{"title":"Zoom-In","short":"The lens magnifies; the camera stays put.","what":"The focal length increases (for example from 35mm to 85mm) while the camera position stays fixed, so the image enlarges.","why":"Zooms feel observational, stylised or urgent. A slow zoom feels like scrutiny; a crash zoom feels like a punchline or shock.","how":"Keep the camera still and turn the zoom ring or rocker at an even speed. Notice that perspective does not change; the background compresses as it is cropped.","when":"Documentary observation, reality TV, comedy, 70s style, drawing attention from far away.","mistakes":["Calling it a dolly-in; the depth and parallax look different.","Zooming at an uneven speed with a manual ring."],"emotion":"Scrutiny, urgency, stylisation","subjects":"Distant subjects, reactions","envs":"Any","params":{"lens":"Zoom lens, e.g. 24-105mm","position":"Fixed","motion":"No movement; focal length increases","focus":"Constant distance"},"cam":"optical zoom-in from 35mm to 85mm with the camera locked in place, the background compressing as the frame tightens on her"},"zh":{"title":"变焦推进","short":"镜头放大画面，摄影机不动。","what":"摄影机位置固定，焦距变长（例如从 35mm 到 85mm），画面被放大。","why":"变焦带有观察感、风格化或紧迫感。慢变焦像审视；急速变焦像笑点或惊吓。","how":"保持摄影机不动，以均匀速度转动变焦环或摇杆。留意透视不会改变，背景只是被裁切而显得压缩。","when":"纪录片观察、真人秀、喜剧、七十年代风格、远距离引导注意。","mistakes":["把它称为推轨推进；纵深和视差的表现完全不同。","手动变焦环转得不均匀。"],"emotion":"审视、紧迫、风格化","subjects":"远处的主体、反应","envs":"不限","params":{"lens":"变焦镜头，例如 24-105mm","position":"固定","motion":"不移动，焦距变长","focus":"距离不变"},"cam":"光学变焦推进，摄影机固定不动，焦距从 35mm 推到 85mm，画面收紧时背景被压缩"},"camp":{"en":"an optical zoom-in with the camera locked in place, the background compressing","zh":"光学变焦推进，摄影机固定不动，背景被压缩"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/zoom-in","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":40,"slug":"zoom-out","cat":"D","cls":"optical","sim":{"base":{"d":6.0,"h":1.5,"aim":1.4,"f":100,"n":4,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"zoom","to":24},"dur":5},"compat":["extreme-wide","pull-out-reveal","eye-level"],"related":["zoom-in","dolly-out","pull-out-reveal"],"incompat":[["zoom-in","Opposite optical directions in one move.","同一个运动中光学变焦方向相反。"],["prime-lens","A zoom needs a zoom lens.","变焦需要变焦镜头。"]],"overlap":{"en":"A zoom-out reveals more from a fixed position. A dolly-out moves the camera back, so near objects change size faster than far ones.","zh":"变焦拉远是在固定位置展示更多画面；后拉是让摄影机后退，近处物体的大小变化比远处更快。"},"en":{"title":"Zoom-Out","short":"The lens widens; the camera stays put.","what":"The focal length decreases (for example from 100mm to 24mm) from a fixed position, revealing more of the scene.","why":"It reveals context, can feel like stepping back to observe, or like a comic reveal of something just out of frame.","how":"Start on a tight composition at the long end of the zoom and widen at an even speed. Plan what the wider frame reveals.","when":"Reveals, comedy, observational documentary, ending a scene, showing where a detail sits in the bigger picture.","mistakes":["Revealing nothing interesting at the wide end.","Confusing it with a dolly-out; the perspective does not change during a zoom."],"emotion":"Reveal, detachment, irony","subjects":"A detail that sits within a larger scene","envs":"Any","params":{"lens":"Zoom lens, e.g. 24-105mm","position":"Fixed","motion":"No movement; focal length decreases","focus":"Constant distance"},"cam":"optical zoom-out from 100mm to 24mm with the camera locked in place, revealing the terrace and city around her"},"zh":{"title":"变焦拉远","short":"镜头变广，摄影机不动。","what":"在固定位置把焦距变短（例如从 100mm 到 24mm），展示更多场景。","why":"揭示环境，可以像后退一步观察，也可以是对画外事物的喜剧性揭示。","how":"从变焦长端的紧凑构图开始，以均匀速度变广。提前设计好广角画面要揭示什么。","when":"揭示、喜剧、观察式纪录片、一场戏的结尾、展示细节在大画面中的位置。","mistakes":["拉到广角端却没有揭示任何有趣的内容。","与后拉混淆；变焦过程中透视不会改变。"],"emotion":"揭示、抽离、反讽","subjects":"位于更大场景中的细节","envs":"不限","params":{"lens":"变焦镜头，例如 24-105mm","position":"固定","motion":"不移动，焦距变短","focus":"距离不变"},"cam":"光学变焦拉远，摄影机固定不动，焦距从 100mm 拉到 24mm，揭示她周围的露台与城市"},"camp":{"en":"an optical zoom-out with the camera locked in place, revealing the surroundings","zh":"光学变焦拉远，摄影机固定不动，揭示周围环境"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/zoom-out","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1671,"h":941}},{"n":41,"slug":"symmetrical","cat":"E","cls":"composition","sim":{"base":{"d":8.0,"h":1.5,"aim":1.3,"f":28,"n":5.6,"cast":"group","pose":"stand","scene":"symmetry","guides":"centre"},"move":{"type":"dolly","amt":2.0,"ease":"slow"},"dur":7},"compat":["push-in","eye-level","birds-eye-view","frame-within-frame"],"related":["frame-within-frame","reflection","birds-eye-view"],"incompat":[["dutch-angle","A tilted horizon breaks the balance that symmetry depends on.","倾斜的地平线会破坏对称构图所依赖的平衡。"],["handheld","Shake breaks a precise symmetrical frame.","晃动会破坏精确的对称构图。"]],"en":{"title":"Symmetrical","short":"A balanced frame mirrored around the centre line.","what":"A composition where the left and right halves of the frame mirror each other around a central axis, usually with a centred subject.","why":"Symmetry feels ordered, controlled and deliberate. It can signal perfection, power, ritual or an unsettling artificiality.","how":"Place the camera exactly on the centre line of the space at a level height. Use a one-point perspective and check alignment with a centre guide.","when":"Luxury and architecture, corporate stage reveals, team line-ups, formal or uncanny moments.","mistakes":["Being a few centimetres off-centre, which looks like an error.","Tilting the camera so verticals converge unevenly."],"emotion":"Order, control, prestige","subjects":"Corridors, stages, teams, architecture","envs":"Lobbies, pools, colonnades, halls","params":{"lens":"18-35mm","position":"On the centre line, level","motion":"Static or slow centred push","focus":"Deep"},"cam":"perfectly symmetrical one-point composition, camera on the centre line between matching pillars and lanterns, the group centred, slow centred push"},"zh":{"title":"对称构图","short":"以中线为轴左右镜像的平衡画面。","what":"画面左右两半沿中轴互为镜像的构图，通常主体居中。","why":"对称显得有秩序、受控、刻意，可以传达完美、权力、仪式感，或一种令人不安的人工感。","how":"把摄影机精确放在空间的中线上并保持水平，使用一点透视，并用中心辅助线检查是否对齐。","when":"奢侈品与建筑、企业舞台揭示、团队列阵、庄重或诡异的时刻。","mistakes":["偏离中心几厘米，看起来像失误。","镜头俯仰导致垂直线汇聚不均。"],"emotion":"秩序、掌控、高级感","subjects":"走廊、舞台、团队、建筑","envs":"大堂、泳池、柱廊、大厅","params":{"lens":"18-35mm","position":"在中线上并保持水平","motion":"固定或沿中线缓推","focus":"大景深"},"cam":"完美对称的一点透视构图，摄影机位于成对柱子与灯笼之间的中线上，人群居中，沿中线缓慢推进"},"camp":{"en":"composed symmetrically on the centre line with one-point perspective","zh":"沿中线对称构图，一点透视"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/symmetrical","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":42,"slug":"reflection","cat":"E","cls":"composition","sim":{"base":{"d":4.6,"h":0.32,"aim":0.45,"f":30,"n":4,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand","floor":"mirror"},"move":{"type":"truck","amt":1.6},"dur":7},"compat":["symmetrical","low-angle","trucking","rack-focus"],"related":["symmetrical","frame-within-frame"],"incompat":[],"en":{"title":"Reflection","short":"The subject seen in a mirror, glass, water or wet floor.","what":"A composition that shows the subject, or the scene, reflected in a surface such as glass, a mirror, water or a wet floor.","why":"Reflections suggest duality, inner life, vanity or a hidden truth, and they add layers and polish to the frame.","how":"Find a reflective surface and position the camera so the angle of incidence shows the reflection. Lower the camera to exaggerate floor and water reflections.","when":"Character introspection, luxury and fashion, night city scenes, transitions, architecture.","mistakes":["Catching the camera or crew in the reflection.","Focusing on the glass surface instead of the reflected subject's distance."],"emotion":"Duality, introspection, glamour","subjects":"Characters, cars, buildings","envs":"Glass facades, wet terraces, pools, mirrors","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"Low, close to the reflective surface","motion":"Static or slow slide","focus":"Reflected subject's total distance"},"cam":"low camera close to the polished wet floor, her mirror reflection stretching below her, warm city lights glinting in the surface"},"zh":{"title":"倒影 / 反射","short":"通过镜子、玻璃、水面或湿地面看到主体。","what":"一种构图方式，通过玻璃、镜子、水面或湿地面等反射面呈现主体或场景的倒影。","why":"倒影暗示双重性、内心世界、自恋或隐藏的真相，同时为画面增加层次与质感。","how":"找到反射面，调整机位让入射角能拍到倒影。压低机位可以放大地面和水面的倒影。","when":"人物内省、奢侈品与时尚、夜景城市、转场、建筑。","mistakes":["摄影机或剧组人员被拍进倒影里。","对焦在玻璃表面，而不是倒影中主体的距离。"],"emotion":"双重性、内省、魅力","subjects":"人物、汽车、建筑","envs":"玻璃幕墙、湿润的露台、泳池、镜子","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"低机位，贴近反射面","motion":"固定或缓慢滑动","focus":"对焦倒影中主体的总距离"},"cam":"低机位贴近光亮湿润的地面，她的倒影在下方延伸，城市暖光在地面上闪烁"},"camp":{"en":"with the subject mirrored in a reflective surface such as glass, water or a wet floor","zh":"主体倒映在玻璃、水面或湿润地面等反射面上"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/reflection","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":43,"slug":"silhouette","cat":"E","cls":"composition","sim":{"base":{"d":5.5,"h":1.2,"aim":1.3,"f":50,"n":5.6,"cast":"group","pose":"walk","light":"backlit"},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["low-angle","profile","wide","trucking"],"related":["profile","low-angle"],"incompat":[["extreme-close-up","A silhouette needs the outline of a shape against a bright background.","剪影需要明亮背景衬托出的轮廓形状。"]],"en":{"title":"Silhouette","short":"A dark shape against a bright background.","what":"The subject is backlit and exposed for the bright background, so they appear as a dark outline with little or no detail.","why":"Silhouettes are graphic and mysterious. Shape and gesture carry the meaning, and anonymity makes the subject feel universal.","how":"Place a strong light source (sunset, window, stage light) behind the subject and expose for the background. Choose clear profiles and separated limbs.","when":"Openings, endings, romance, mystery, sunset lifestyle shots, anonymous testimonials.","mistakes":["Overlapping figures, so shapes merge into a blob.","Lifting the shadows in grading until the silhouette looks muddy."],"emotion":"Mystery, romance, universality","subjects":"Strong profiles, distinctive poses, groups with spacing","envs":"Sunsets, windows, stages, beaches","params":{"lens":"35-85mm","position":"Light source behind the subject","motion":"Static or slow truck","focus":"Subject edge"},"cam":"backlit silhouette, the group walks against the blazing sunset sky, exposed for the sky so their figures read as dark graphic shapes"},"zh":{"title":"剪影","short":"明亮背景前的暗色轮廓。","what":"主体逆光，按明亮的背景曝光，因此主体呈现为几乎没有细节的暗色轮廓。","why":"剪影图形感强又神秘，形状与姿态承载意义，匿名性让主体显得普遍而有代入感。","how":"把强光源（夕阳、窗户、舞台灯）放在主体后方，按背景曝光。选择清晰的侧面和分开的四肢。","when":"开场、结尾、爱情、悬疑、夕阳生活方式画面、匿名见证。","mistakes":["人物互相重叠，轮廓糊成一团。","调色时把暗部提得太亮，剪影变得浑浊。"],"emotion":"神秘、浪漫、普遍性","subjects":"轮廓分明的侧面、独特的姿态、间隔开的群体","envs":"夕阳、窗边、舞台、海滩","params":{"lens":"35-85mm","position":"光源在主体后方","motion":"固定或缓慢横移","focus":"对焦主体边缘"},"cam":"逆光剪影，一群人迎着炽烈的夕阳天空行走，按天空曝光，人物成为暗色的图形轮廓"},"camp":{"en":"backlit so the subject reads as a dark silhouette against a bright background","zh":"逆光拍摄，主体在明亮背景前呈现为暗色剪影"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/silhouette","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":44,"slug":"frame-within-frame","cat":"E","cls":"composition","sim":{"base":{"d":7.5,"h":1.5,"aim":1.3,"f":35,"n":4,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand","fg":"frame"},"move":{"type":"dolly","amt":1.5,"ease":"slow"},"dur":7},"compat":["symmetrical","push-in","rack-focus"],"related":["symmetrical","over-the-shoulder"],"incompat":[["drone-flyover","Frame-within-a-frame relies on a foreground opening near the camera.","框中框依赖靠近镜头的前景开口。"]],"en":{"title":"Frame-within-a-Frame","short":"A doorway, window or arch frames the subject.","what":"Elements in the scene, such as doors, windows, arches, pillars or foliage, form a secondary frame around the subject.","why":"It directs attention, adds depth and can suggest confinement, voyeurism or a world within a world.","how":"Place the camera behind an opening so its edges surround the subject. Keep the inner frame darker or softer to push the eye inward.","when":"Architecture, luxury interiors, character isolation, observational moments, editorial fashion.","mistakes":["The foreground frame is so bright or busy that it competes with the subject.","The opening cuts through the subject's head."],"emotion":"Focus, depth, voyeurism","subjects":"A character inside a space","envs":"Doorways, windows, colonnades, foliage","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"Behind an opening, subject 3-8 m beyond","motion":"Static or slow push through the frame","focus":"Subject; frame can fall soft"},"cam":"frame-within-a-frame, a dark doorway and pillars in the soft foreground surround her standing on the bright terrace beyond"},"zh":{"title":"框中框","short":"用门、窗或拱门框住主体。","what":"场景中的门、窗、拱门、柱子或植物等元素，在主体周围形成第二层画框。","why":"引导注意力、增加纵深，也可以暗示束缚、窥视或世界中的另一个世界。","how":"把摄影机放在开口后方，让开口的边缘环绕主体。让内框更暗或更虚，把视线推向内部。","when":"建筑、奢华室内、人物的孤立感、观察时刻、时尚大片。","mistakes":["前景框太亮或太杂，与主体争夺注意力。","开口的边缘切过主体的头部。"],"emotion":"聚焦、纵深、窥视感","subjects":"身处空间中的人物","envs":"门口、窗户、柱廊、植物","params":{"lens":"24-50mm","position":"在开口后方，主体在 3-8 米外","motion":"固定或穿过画框缓推","focus":"对焦主体，前景框可虚化"},"cam":"框中框构图，前景虚化的暗色门框与柱子环绕着站在明亮露台上的她"},"camp":{"en":"framed within a doorway, window or arch in the foreground","zh":"以前景的门、窗或拱门框住主体"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/frame-within-frame","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":45,"slug":"split-diopter","cat":"E","cls":"optical","sim":{"base":{"d":6.0,"h":1.4,"aim":1.3,"f":50,"n":2,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand","fg":"diopter","xoff":0.7},"move":{"type":"static"},"dur":5},"compat":["over-the-shoulder","two-shot","close-up"],"related":["rack-focus","over-the-shoulder"],"incompat":[["rack-focus","Both planes are already sharp; a rack focus has nothing to move between.","两个平面已经同时清晰，焦点转移失去了意义。"]],"en":{"title":"Split-Diopter","short":"Two distances in sharp focus at once.","what":"A half-lens (split diopter) covers part of the main lens, so one side of the frame focuses close and the other focuses far.","why":"It keeps a near and a far subject both sharp, creating tension between them. The soft seam between the halves is part of its distinctive look.","how":"Mount a split diopter filter, place the near subject on the diopter side and the far subject on the clear side, and hide the seam along a vertical line in the scene.","when":"Thrillers, confrontations, a product and a person in one frame, stylised homage shots.","mistakes":["Placing a subject across the seam, which smears them.","Expecting AI video models to reproduce the effect reliably; describe it explicitly and expect variation."],"emotion":"Tension, duality, unease","subjects":"A near object or face plus a distant person","envs":"Interiors with depth, offices, kitchens","params":{"lens":"35-50mm plus half diopter","position":"Near subject 0.5-1 m, far subject 4-10 m","motion":"Usually static","focus":"Two planes at once"},"cam":"split-diopter shot, a glass lantern sharp in the left foreground and her face sharp in the far right background at the same time, a soft blurred seam between the two halves"},"zh":{"title":"分屈光镜（双焦镜）","short":"同时清晰对焦两个距离。","what":"在主镜头前加一片半边的屈光镜，使画面一侧对近处对焦，另一侧对远处对焦。","why":"让近处和远处的主体同时清晰，在两者之间制造张力，两半之间柔和的接缝也是它的独特质感。","how":"安装分屈光滤镜，把近处主体放在屈光镜一侧，远处主体放在另一侧，并把接缝藏在场景中的垂直线条里。","when":"惊悚片、对峙、产品与人物同框、风格化的致敬镜头。","mistakes":["主体跨在接缝上，被模糊拉扯。","期待 AI 视频模型稳定还原这个效果；需要明确描述，并预期结果会有差异。"],"emotion":"张力、双重性、不安","subjects":"近处的物体或脸，加上远处的人物","envs":"有纵深的室内、办公室、厨房","params":{"lens":"35-50mm 加半片屈光镜","position":"近处主体 0.5-1 米，远处主体 4-10 米","motion":"通常固定","focus":"同时对焦两个平面"},"cam":"分屈光镜镜头，左侧前景的玻璃灯与右侧远处她的脸同时清晰，两半之间有一道柔和的模糊接缝"},"camp":{"en":"with a split-diopter look, a near object and the distant subject both in sharp focus with a soft seam between","zh":"分屈光镜效果，近处物体与远处主体同时清晰，两者之间有柔和接缝"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/split-diopter","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1671,"h":941}},{"n":46,"slug":"one-take","cat":"E","cls":"structure","sim":{"base":{"d":3.0,"h":1.5,"aim":1.3,"f":24,"n":4,"cast":"solo","pose":"walk"},"move":{"type":"onetake"},"dur":14},"compat":["steadicam-gimbal","fpv-drone","tracking","orbit"],"related":["steadicam-gimbal","fpv-drone"],"incompat":[["whip-pan","A whip pan is often used to hide a cut, which works against a genuine one-take; label it a hidden-cut oner if you use one.","甩镜头常被用来隐藏剪辑点，与真正的一镜到底相悖；若使用请标注为“隐藏剪辑的长镜头”。"]],"overlap":{"en":"A one-take is a shot structure, not a single movement: it chains several moves (follow, orbit, rise) without a visible cut. Many 'one-takes' hide cuts in whip pans or dark frames.","zh":"一镜到底是一种镜头结构，而不是单一运动：它把多个运动（跟随、环绕、升起）连成一个没有可见剪辑点的镜头。很多“一镜到底”其实把剪辑点藏在甩镜头或暗画面里。"},"en":{"title":"One-Take","short":"A long, continuous shot with no visible cut.","what":"Also called a oner or long take. A whole sequence plays out in one continuous shot, often combining several camera moves.","why":"It immerses the audience in real time and shows off choreography and skill. Tension builds because there is no cut to escape to.","how":"Choreograph the actors and camera path in detail, rehearse, and use a Steadicam, gimbal or FPV drone. In AI video, keep the duration long and describe each phase in order.","when":"Event openers, venue walk-throughs, music videos, action set pieces, brand films that travel through a space.","mistakes":["No clear destination, so the shot wanders.","Generating too many changes in a short AI clip; models often cut or morph."],"emotion":"Immersion, continuity, virtuosity","subjects":"Characters moving through spaces","envs":"Venues, homes, streets, events","params":{"lens":"16-28mm","position":"Changes continuously","motion":"Chained moves, no cut","focus":"Continuous follow focus"},"cam":"continuous one-take, the camera follows her across the terrace, arcs around to her face, then rises over the railing to reveal the skyline, no cuts"},"zh":{"title":"一镜到底","short":"没有可见剪辑点的连续长镜头。","what":"又称长镜头。整段戏在一个连续镜头中完成，通常结合多种摄影机运动。","why":"让观众以实时的方式沉浸其中，展示调度与技艺。因为没有剪辑可以逃避，张力不断累积。","how":"详细编排演员与摄影机路线并反复排练，使用斯坦尼康、稳定器或 FPV 穿越机。在 AI 视频中保持较长时长，并按顺序描述每个阶段。","when":"活动开场、场馆导览、音乐录影带、动作场面、穿越空间的品牌片。","mistakes":["没有明确的终点，镜头漫无目的。","在短 AI 片段里塞进太多变化，模型常会切镜或变形。"],"emotion":"沉浸、连贯、精湛","subjects":"在空间中移动的人物","envs":"场馆、住宅、街道、活动现场","params":{"lens":"16-28mm","position":"持续变化","motion":"串联的运动，没有剪辑","focus":"连续跟焦"},"cam":"连续一镜到底，摄影机跟随她穿过露台，弧形绕到她面前，然后越过栏杆升起揭示天际线，没有剪辑"},"camp":{"en":"one continuous take with no cuts, the camera following, arcing around and rising","zh":"一镜到底没有剪辑，摄影机跟随、环绕再升起"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/one-take","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":47,"slug":"snorricam","cat":"E","cls":"rig","sim":{"base":{"d":0.85,"h":1.5,"aim":1.45,"f":24,"n":4,"cast":"solo","pose":"walk"},"move":{"type":"snorri"},"dur":6},"compat":["handheld","pov","close-up"],"related":["tracking","pov","handheld"],"incompat":[["drone-flyover","A Snorricam is rigged to the actor's body.","Snorricam 是绑在演员身上的装置。"],["locked-off","The camera moves with the body, so it cannot be locked to the ground.","摄影机随身体移动，无法固定在地面上。"]],"en":{"title":"Snorricam","short":"Camera rigged to the actor; the world moves around them.","what":"A body-mounted rig points the camera back at the actor's face. The actor stays fixed in frame while the background lurches with every step.","why":"It feels disorienting and subjective: panic, intoxication, euphoria or a character out of sync with the world.","how":"Strap a rig to the actor's torso with the camera facing them at about 0.5-1 m on a wide lens. Every body movement moves the camera too.","when":"Panic, drunkenness, adrenaline, music videos, a character walking through a crowd in shock.","mistakes":["A loose rig that wobbles independently of the body.","Using it for calm scenes; the effect always reads as unsettled."],"emotion":"Disorientation, panic, subjectivity","subjects":"A single walking or running actor","envs":"Streets, crowds, corridors","params":{"lens":"14-24mm","position":"0.5-1 m from the face, body-mounted","motion":"Locked to the actor's body","focus":"Fixed on the face"},"cam":"Snorricam shot, camera rigged to her body facing back at her face, she stays locked in the centre of frame while the city lurches and streams behind her"},"zh":{"title":"Snorricam（身体绑定镜头）","short":"摄影机绑在演员身上，世界围绕他晃动。","what":"用固定在身上的装置让摄影机反向对着演员的脸。演员在画面中保持不动，背景随着每一步剧烈晃动。","why":"带来迷失和主观感：惊慌、醉酒、狂喜，或人物与世界脱节。","how":"把装置绑在演员躯干上，摄影机用广角镜头在约 0.5-1 米处对着演员。身体的每一个动作都会带动摄影机。","when":"惊慌、醉酒、肾上腺素飙升、音乐录影带、人物在震惊中穿过人群。","mistakes":["装置松动，独立于身体晃动。","用在平静的场景；这个效果总是显得不安。"],"emotion":"迷失、惊慌、主观","subjects":"单独行走或奔跑的演员","envs":"街道、人群、走廊","params":{"lens":"14-24mm","position":"距离脸 0.5-1 米，绑在身上","motion":"锁定在演员身体上","focus":"固定对焦脸部"},"cam":"Snorricam 镜头，摄影机绑在她身上反向对着她的脸，她锁定在画面中央，城市在她身后晃动、流动"},"camp":{"en":"a Snorricam rig: the camera is fixed to the subject's body facing their face while the world moves behind","zh":"Snorricam 装置：摄影机固定在主体身上对着脸，世界在身后移动"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/snorricam","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":48,"slug":"dutch-roll","cat":"E","cls":"rotation","sim":{"base":{"d":2.8,"h":1.3,"aim":1.3,"f":28,"n":2.8,"cast":"solo","pose":"stand"},"move":{"type":"roll","amt":-28},"dur":6},"compat":["low-angle","handheld","close-up","fpv-drone"],"related":["dutch-angle","fpv-drone"],"incompat":[["symmetrical","Rolling the horizon breaks a symmetrical frame.","滚转地平线会破坏对称构图。"]],"overlap":{"en":"A Dutch angle is a static tilted frame. A Dutch roll is the movement: the camera rotates on its lens axis during the shot.","zh":"荷兰角是静态的倾斜画面；荷兰角滚转是一种运动：摄影机在镜头中沿光轴旋转。"},"en":{"title":"Dutch Roll","short":"The camera rotates on its lens axis during the shot.","what":"A camera roll: the frame rotates around the lens axis while the shot plays, so the horizon tilts progressively.","why":"It visualises a world tipping over: dizziness, losing control, or a stylised transition into another reality.","how":"Use a gimbal with roll control, a roll head, or rotate the camera body smoothly. Keep the subject near the centre so they stay framed as the image turns.","when":"Dream sequences, intoxication, action peaks, music videos, stylised transitions.","mistakes":["Rolling with the subject at the edge of frame, so they swing out of shot.","Uneven roll speed that looks accidental."],"emotion":"Dizziness, instability, surrealism","subjects":"A single character","envs":"Interiors, rooftops, clubs","params":{"lens":"18-35mm","position":"Fixed or slow push","motion":"Rotation around the lens axis","focus":"Subject at centre"},"cam":"Dutch roll, the camera slowly rotates on its lens axis about 30 degrees so the horizon and skyline tip sideways around her"},"zh":{"title":"荷兰角滚转","short":"摄影机在镜头中沿光轴旋转。","what":"摄影机滚转：画面在镜头播放过程中围绕光轴旋转，地平线逐渐倾斜。","why":"把世界倾覆的感觉视觉化：眩晕、失控，或风格化地转场到另一个现实。","how":"使用带滚转控制的稳定器、滚转云台，或平稳旋转机身。让主体靠近画面中心，旋转时才能保持在画面内。","when":"梦境、醉酒、动作高潮、音乐录影带、风格化转场。","mistakes":["主体在画面边缘时滚转，被甩出画面。","滚转速度不均，看起来像意外。"],"emotion":"眩晕、不稳定、超现实","subjects":"单个人物","envs":"室内、天台、夜店","params":{"lens":"18-35mm","position":"固定或缓推","motion":"围绕光轴旋转","focus":"主体在中心"},"cam":"荷兰角滚转，摄影机沿光轴缓慢旋转约 30 度，地平线与天际线围绕着她向一侧倾倒"},"camp":{"en":"the camera slowly rolls on its lens axis so the horizon rotates","zh":"摄影机沿光轴缓慢滚转，地平线随之旋转"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/dutch-roll","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":49,"slug":"bullet-time","cat":"E","cls":"production","sim":{"base":{"d":3.0,"h":1.4,"aim":1.3,"f":35,"n":4,"cast":"solo","pose":"jump","yaw":-90,"particles":true},"move":{"type":"bullet","amt":180},"dur":6},"compat":["orbit","low-angle","one-take"],"related":["orbit"],"incompat":[["handheld","Bullet-time needs a precisely controlled path around a frozen moment.","子弹时间需要绕着凝固瞬间的精确受控路径。"]],"overlap":{"en":"Bullet-time looks like a fast orbit around a frozen moment. In live action it needs an array of synchronised cameras or a high-speed motion-control rig; in AI video it is a simulation and results vary.","zh":"子弹时间看起来像绕着凝固瞬间快速环绕。实拍需要同步的相机阵列或高速运动控制设备；在 AI 视频中它是模拟效果，结果会有差异。"},"en":{"title":"Bullet-Time","short":"Time freezes while the camera moves around the moment.","what":"The action is frozen or extremely slowed while the viewpoint travels around it, as if the camera moves faster than time.","why":"It turns a split second into a spectacle, letting the audience study a peak moment from every side.","how":"Live action: fire a ring of synchronised cameras, or use a robotic high-speed rig. AI video: describe a frozen moment, floating particles and a fast orbit, and expect variation.","when":"Action peaks, sports, product splashes, fashion jumps, event highlight moments.","mistakes":["Asking a short AI clip to also show the action before and after; keep it to the frozen moment.","Calling any slow-motion orbit bullet-time; the action must be effectively frozen."],"emotion":"Spectacle, suspended time, awe","subjects":"A jump, a splash, a hair flip, a punch","envs":"Clean backgrounds with depth","params":{"lens":"35-50mm","position":"Ring around the subject, 2-4 m","motion":"Fast orbit around frozen action","focus":"Subject"},"cam":"bullet-time effect, she is frozen mid-jump with her hair suspended in the air while the camera sweeps 180 degrees around her, floating particles hanging still"},"zh":{"title":"子弹时间","short":"时间凝固，摄影机绕着那一刻运动。","what":"动作凝固或极度放慢，视角却在它周围移动，仿佛摄影机比时间还快。","why":"把一瞬间变成奇观，让观众从各个角度审视高光时刻。","how":"实拍：同步触发环形排列的相机阵列，或使用高速机械臂。AI 视频：描述凝固的瞬间、悬浮的粒子和快速环绕，并预期结果会有差异。","when":"动作高潮、体育、产品水花、时尚跳跃、活动高光时刻。","mistakes":["在短 AI 片段中还要求展示动作前后；应只聚焦凝固的那一刻。","把任何慢动作环绕都称为子弹时间；动作必须实际上是凝固的。"],"emotion":"奇观、时间悬停、惊叹","subjects":"跳跃、水花、甩发、出拳","envs":"有纵深的干净背景","params":{"lens":"35-50mm","position":"环绕主体，2-4 米","motion":"绕凝固动作快速环绕","focus":"对焦主体"},"cam":"子弹时间效果，她凝固在跳跃中，发丝悬在空中，摄影机绕她扫过 180 度，周围粒子静止悬浮"},"camp":{"en":"a bullet-time effect: the action freezes while the camera sweeps around the subject","zh":"子弹时间效果：动作凝固，摄影机绕主体扫过"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/bullet-time","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}},{"n":50,"slug":"macro-tracking","cat":"E","cls":"movement","sim":{"base":{"d":0.56,"h":0.83,"aim":0.8,"f":100,"n":4,"cast":"product","pose":"stand","scene":"macro"},"move":{"type":"macro","amt":0.12},"dur":7},"compat":["extreme-close-up","rack-focus","push-in"],"related":["extreme-close-up","trucking","rack-focus"],"incompat":[["extreme-wide","Macro works at centimetres; an extreme wide works at tens of metres.","微距在厘米级距离工作，大远景在数十米外。"],["drone-flyover","A drone cannot fly a macro move.","无人机无法完成微距运动。"]],"en":{"title":"Macro Tracking","short":"A slow glide across tiny details at macro distance.","what":"A macro lens moves slowly along a small subject such as jewellery, a watch face, a product texture or droplets, at very close range.","why":"It reveals craftsmanship and texture the eye never sees, making small things feel luxurious and monumental.","how":"Use a macro lens on a precision slider and move a few centimetres over several seconds. Stop down for usable depth of field and light the texture with raking light.","when":"Luxury products, food, beauty, watches and jewellery, technology details, nature.","mistakes":["Moving too far, too fast; at macro scale a few centimetres is a big move.","Wide-open aperture so almost nothing is in focus."],"emotion":"Luxury, precision, wonder","subjects":"Products, jewellery, textures, food","envs":"Studio tabletops","params":{"lens":"90-105mm macro","position":"10-40 cm from the subject","motion":"Slow lateral slide of a few centimetres","focus":"Precise, f/4-f/11"},"cam":"macro tracking shot, a 100mm macro lens glides slowly across the glass perfume bottle a few centimetres away, revealing facets and droplets, ultra-shallow focus"},"zh":{"title":"微距跟拍","short":"在微距距离缓慢滑过细小的细节。","what":"微距镜头在极近距离沿着细小的主体缓慢移动，例如珠宝、表盘、产品纹理或水珠。","why":"揭示肉眼看不到的工艺和质感，让小物件显得奢华而宏伟。","how":"把微距镜头装在精密滑轨上，数秒内只移动几厘米。收小光圈获得可用的景深，并用掠射光照亮纹理。","when":"奢侈品、美食、美妆、腕表与珠宝、科技细节、自然。","mistakes":["移动太远太快；在微距尺度下几厘米已经是很大的运动。","光圈全开，几乎没有东西在焦内。"],"emotion":"奢华、精准、惊叹","subjects":"产品、珠宝、纹理、食物","envs":"影棚台面","params":{"lens":"90-105mm 微距","position":"距离主体 10-40 厘米","motion":"几厘米的缓慢横向滑动","focus":"精确对焦，f/4-f/11"},"cam":"微距跟拍，100mm 微距镜头在几厘米外缓慢滑过玻璃香水瓶，展现切面与水珠，焦点极浅"},"camp":{"en":"a macro tracking shot gliding a few centimetres across fine details, ultra-shallow focus","zh":"微距跟拍在几厘米范围内滑过细节，焦点极浅"},"media":{"type":"photo","base":"/ai-lab/cinematic-camera/assets/img/macro-tracking","widths":[480,960,1600],"avif":[480,960,1600],"w":1672,"h":941}}]